Translated from Latin, "pars" - "genus", and"partis" - "part". "Partio" - "divide, divide." It turns out that a party is an association of people who are separated from others at the expense of common interests and the maintenance of any ideas, teachings, ideologies.
A political party is a special system thatexpresses the interests of the public, its class or layers, unites those representatives who are ready to be active, exercises their leadership in order to achieve the goal. There is also such a thing as pressure groups. The pressure group and the political party are not the same thing. For the purposes of political parties - the achievement of power and the implementation of its own program. A political party is a well-organized entity with a clear structure, leaders and hierarchy.
Thus, the signs of a political party are, above all, the expression of the interests and ideals of social groups, the struggle for power and the realization of their own programs.
In a society, a political party is twofold.education, which, on the one hand, is a public organization, part of civil society, which is able to exert pressure on the authorities from below. But at the same time, factions in parliament and party leaders are part of political structures. It can be said that political parties bind the state and civil society. Thanks to their existence, individual citizens can influence policy in a country.
At different times, different types of politicalparties. So, they are usually divided into governmental (members of the parliamentary majority, forming the government in coalitions or solely) and opposition (opposing the government, criticizing the current political course).
Stephen Cohen divided the party by functionalpurpose. Parliamentary or European parties are parties in the traditional sense, with a permanent structure, organization, members ’account and discipline. Parties to participate in an election campaign or an American-type party are parties that are created specifically for elections. Parties as a political avant-garde or a party of the communist type is the type of parties that has remained today in Cuba, in China, in North Korea. Extra-parliamentary parties. They have more similarities with social organizations, but they also have a hidden struggle for influence.
By the nature of software installations and strategypolitical parties are divided into right, centrist and left. They differ in their attitude to private property, the form of state power and ideology, and the political course.
In the process of struggle for power, political partiesunite in blocks and coalitions, create parliamentary associations. The totality of all parties and associations that participate in political life and in interactions in the struggle for power is determined as a party system.
