Avogadro Amedeo is a well-known Italian physicist andchemist. He is the founder of molecular theory. Recognition was received only half a century after his death. In this article you will be presented with a brief biography of the scientist.
Learning
Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro appeared onlight in Turin (Italy) in 1776. The father of the boy, Filippo, served in the judicial department. In total, the family had eight children (Amedeo - the third). In his youth, Avogadro attended the school of experimental physics and geometry. But at that time the profession was inherited, so he was forced to follow in his father's footsteps and take up jurisprudence. In 1792, Avogadro entered the University of Turin. At the age of 20, Amedeo already had a doctorate in church jurisprudence. But the young man's interest in physics did not fade away, but only intensified. Five years later he devoted all his free time exclusively to studying it.
Scientific activity
Работа на этом поприще началась у Авогадро Амедео with the study of various electrical phenomena. In 1800, interest in this especially increased, since Volta invented the first source of current. Well, all the scientists followed the discussion between Alessandro and Galliano about the nature of electricity. It is understandable that Amedeo decided to realize himself in this sphere.
The works of Avogadro, devoted to electricity,went out until 1846. The scientist actively studied this area. But electricity was not the only area in which Amedeo Avogadro worked. A chemist is his second profession. Thanks to the scientist, a new discipline emerged at the junction of the two sciences. It was called electrochemistry. In this area of work Avogadro touched the works of such famous scientists as Berzelius and Davy.
In 1803 and 1804, Amedeo traveled to TurinAcademy together with his brother Felice. There they presented two scientific works devoted to the theory of electrochemical and electrical phenomena. For this Avogadro was elected a corresponding member of this academy. In the first work, Amedeo explained the behavior of dielectrics and conductors in an electric field, and also considered the phenomenon of their polarization. Later, his ideas were used by other scientists, in particular Ampere.
New work
In 1806 Avogadro Amedeo became a tutor inTurin lyceum, and three years later he got a job as a teacher of mathematics and physics, but already in another educational institution. For this, the scientist had to move to the city of Vercelli. There, Amedeo spent ten years. During this time, Avogadro read a huge amount of literature, making numerous extracts. He did not stop doing this until the end of his life. The total number of statements he composed is 75 volumes of 700 pages each. According to their content, one can see how versatile the interests of the scientist were, and what colossal work he did in his life.
Confirmation of the Gay-Lussac theory
In 1808, one, still not very famousFrench scientist, was studying the reactions between gases. His name was Gay-Lussac. In the course of experiments, he found out that the volumes of reacting gases and their derivatives correlate as small whole numbers. In 1811, Avogadro confirmed his assumptions with his essay on "Methods for determining the masses of molecules." In the same work, Amedeo came to yet another important conclusion. It sounded like this: "In the same volume of any gas is always the same number of molecules."
The wording of the law
In 1814, Amedeo Avogadro, a real photowhich is in all encyclopedias in physics, released another "Essay on the mass of molecules." In it, the scientist formulated a law, which was later named after him: "At the same temperatures and pressures, equal volumes of gaseous substances correspond to an equal number of molecules." Amedeo also introduced Avogadro's number. This is the number of molecules in a mole of any substance. And this figure is a constant value.
Personal life
Avogadro Amedeo created his family rather late.He was almost forty years old. In 1815, the scientist married Anna Mazzie. The wife was 18 years younger than her husband. She gave birth to Amedeo eight children. But none of them went in the footsteps of his father.
Teaching
В 1820 году Авогадро была назначен профессором Turin University at the Department of Higher Physics. The scientist had his own views on the teaching of this subject. At that time, Italian science was at a not very high level of development. Amedeo wanted to fix this and help his homeland to occupy a worthy place in Europe on this indicator. Therefore, the physicist outlined a detailed plan of action. His main idea was to combine scientific activity and teaching.
But because of political and military events in ItalyAmedeo was unable to translate his progressive plan into reality. In 1822 Turin University was closed by the authorities for a whole year because of student unrest. Nevertheless, Avogadro did not stop doing scientific experiments. In 1823, the university resumed its work, and Amedeo returned to the Department of Physics. In 1832 he headed it and worked on this post for another 18 years.
Last years
When Amedeo left the university, he settled himselfSenior Inspector of the Control Chamber. Also, Avogadro was a member of several commissions whose activities were connected with statistics. Despite his advanced age, the scientist continued to publish the results of his research. He published his last work in print at the age of 77 years.
Death
Amedeo Avogadro, whose short biography waspresented above, died in 1856. The scientist was buried in Vercelli in a family crypt. A year later Turin University installed a bronze bust of Amedeo in honor of recognition of his services.
