ТАВКР «Адмирал Флота Советского Союза Кузнецов» - the only operating heavy cruising aircraft carrier in the composition of the modern Russian Navy. Its main purpose is the elimination of massive surface targets, defense of the naval flotilla and defense against the invasion of the alleged enemy. The ship was named in honor of N. G. Kuznetsov, Admiral of the Fleet of the USSR. The construction of the cruiser took place in Nikolaev, at the shipbuilding plant in Chernomorsk, now it is included in the package of the Northern Fleet. MiG-29K, Su-25, Su-33 and Ka-27/29 / 52K helicopters can be based on the ship.
Design
The design of the TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" was launched in 1978 under the leadership of PKB from Leningrad.
There are several design developments that ultimately resulted in the construction of ships or remained in the form of layouts and sketches:
- Project 1153. The displacement of the planned ship is designed for 70 00 tons, it was supposed to equip with powerful weapons (except for the main group of aircraft).
- № 1143 M. The plans were to place supersonic Yak-41 fighters with vertical takeoff on the cruiser.
- Prototype 1143 A. It is similar to the previous development of the aircraft carrier, but with a large displacement (the fourth aircraft carrier built in the Union).
- TAVKR project 1143.5 "Admiral Kuznetsov" - a high-power, fifth and last Soviet aircraft carrier built.
Final technical documentation wasready by mid-1980. Presumably the construction should have been completed in 1990. However, the deadlines for commissioning and commissioning have constantly shifted for various reasons.
Start of creation
В начале весны 1981-го судостроительный комбинат in Nikolaev receives the gained order for the construction of a new cruiser. However, already in the autumn of the same year, significant additions and changes are made to the project, the main of which is an increase in the vessel's displacement by 10 thousand tons.
The total value of this indicator was 67,000 tons. In addition, the following design adjustments were made:
- The board of the ship had to be equipped with the installation of anti-ship missiles "Granit".
- There was a need to expand the aviation group to 50 cars.
- The significant change was that the launchthe aircraft had to be made without a catapult, by means of a springboard take-off. This promisingly reduced the cost of construction and further contributed to the extension of the technical resource of the aircraft carrier.
Finishing improvements
TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" was finallymodeled only in 1982. It happened in September at the shipyards of the city of Nikolaev. Initially, the ship was named "Riga", a couple of months later it was renamed "Leonid Brezhnev". By the end of the year, the first constructive unit was being assembled on the cruiser in full. The ship itself (for the first time in the history of the USSR) consisted entirely of two dozen block structures.
In length, each block TAVKR etc.11435 "Admiral Kuznetsov" had about 32 meters with a height of 13 m. The mass of each element was 1.5-1.7 thousand tons. The add-ons of a huge aircraft carrier are also created using a block system. It should be noted that such a ship, with an appropriate supply of materials, instruments and other equipment, could be built in just four years, which would be an absolute record. However, delays with suppliers and the slow operation of factories caused excessive delays in putting the vessel into operation.
Installation of onboard equipment
The aircraft carrier was lowered from the stocks at the end of 1985of the year. The mass of the hull and installed structures so far did not exceed 32 thousand tons. The developers appreciated the readiness of the Admiral Kuznetsov military unit 20506 TAVKR by 39%.
Next year for the domestic aircraft carrier alsoNot without change. The new designer P. Sokolov made his own adjustments, and in the middle of the 87th the still unfinished ship was renamed again. Now he has become “Tbilisi”. Readiness percentage increased to 60%. Delays from suppliers did not allow for a quick completion of construction, 70% readiness was reached only by the end of 1989.
The cost of TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" at the timewas more than seven hundred million rubles. Soon again they changed the chief designer, they became L. Belov. The predominant part of the equipment for electronic purposes was mounted four and a half years later, and the ship’s readiness was 80%.
Hike in the sea
This event happened on October 20, 1989.At that time, the aircraft carrier was almost ready, except for the absence of an aviation group. The maneuvers lasted more than a month, the test landing of the MiG-29 and Su-27 was carried out already the first of November of the same year.
Fully ammunition and radio systemson military unit 20506 TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" were installed only in 1990 (total readiness was about 90%). In the same time interval the sea trials were carried out. In mid-autumn, the ship received the final name, under which it goes now.
At the first stage of testing aircraft carrierindependently mastered more than 16 thousand miles. From the runways of the ship, the aircraft made almost half a thousand sorties. All landings on the cruiser did without emergency, which is an excellent result for launch tests of ships.
The first tests were completed in the late 1990s. More than a year passed the final stage of state acceptance, after which the ship was assigned to the Northern Fleet.
Technical features
В палубной части и на носовом трамплине mounted special fairing. Operating aircraft on the deck of an aircraft carrier are delivered via lifts, each of which can absorb 40 tons. The width of the deck is 67 meters. The length of the cruiser is almost 305 meters, the rate of its draft is 10.5 m.
Purposefully for landing aviation uses part of the deck with a length of 250 and a width of 26 meters. It has a slope of seven degrees. Provided a pair of main launch lanes.
Engines at TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov"boiler-turbine, four-shaft with powerful turbo and diesel generators. The propeller is the four screws (each has 5 blades). The maximum travel speed is 29 knots (55 km / h). In autonomous navigation the cruiser can spend up to one and a half months. The crew is almost two thousand people.
Armament
The following are the combat crews and capabilities of an aircraft carrier:
- Navigation complex - "Baysur".
- Radiolocation - “Mars-Passat”, “Fregat-MA”, “Podkat”, “Vaigach”.
- Means of electronic type - BIUS "Lumberjack", SJC "Polynom", "Star", complex "Buran-2", "Constellation - BR";
- Anti-aircraft ammunition - 6 × 6 AK-630 (48 thousand supplies);
- Missiles - PU SCRK "Granit", "Dirk", "Dagger";
- Anti-submarine weapons (60 bombs) - RBU-12000;
- Aviation group - fifty units (helicopters and airplanes).
Scale
To understand all the greatness of a cruiser, you cannote that its height is comparable to the 27-storey building. Inside, almost four thousand rooms for various purposes are equipped. During the construction 4 thousand kilometers of cable, 12 thousand kilometers of pipes of different diameter and functionality were spent. One shower rooms on the ship, there are about fifty pieces. A closed type hangar (153 * 26 * 7.2 meters) holds 70 percent of the standard aviation group. Underwater structural protection consists of armored and longitudinal partitions, its depth is about five meters.
Modern project assessment 1143.5
The ship in question can be called with full confidence a full-fledged aircraft carrier. However, not everything is so smooth with this floating protracted. He spends most of his time at the repair docks.
Существенные претензии имеются к энергетической the system. Often, going to sea is accompanied by varying degrees of emergency situations. It should be emphasized that in each long cruise cruise goes along with the tug. The recent access to the Mediterranean Sea is another confirmation of this.
Многие ждали, ТАВКР «Адмирал Кузнецов» когда will go to Syria. And not so long ago it happened. Of course, not without problems, but the ship still overcame the way there and back. In the next two years, the next major overhaul of the cruiser is planned.
