Mathematical methods in economics are importantanalysis tool. They are used in the construction of theoretical models that allow you to display existing relationships in everyday life. Also, using these methods, the behavior of business entities and the dynamics of economic indicators in the country are fairly accurately predicted.
In more detail I would like to dwell onforecasting indicators of economic objects, which is a tool of decision theory. Forecasts of the socio-economic development of any country are based on a mathematical analysis of certain indicators (inflation dynamics, gross domestic product, etc.). The formation of the expected indicators is carried out using such methods of applied statistics and econometrics as regression analysis, factor analysis and correlation analysis.
Branch of the study "Economics and Mathematicalmethods ”has always been quite interesting for scientists in this field. So, Academician Nemchinov was identified five mathematical research methods in planning and forecasting:
- a method of mathematical modeling;
- balance method;
- vector-matrix method;
- method of successive approximation;
- the method of optimal public assessments.
Another academic, Kantorovich, divided mathematical methods into four groups:
- models of interaction of economic units;
- macroeconomic models, including demand models and the balance method;
- optimization models;
- linear modeling.
Modeling of economic systems is used to make an effective and correct decision in the economic sphere. In this case, mainly used modern computing.
The modeling process itself should be carried out in the following order:
1. Statement of the problem.It is necessary to clearly formulate the problem, identify the objects related to the problem being solved, and the situation that is realized as a result of its solution. It is at this stage that a quantitative and qualitative analysis of subjects, objects and situations related to them is made.
2. Системный анализ задачи.All objects must be divided into elements with the definition of the relationship between them. It is at this stage that it is best to use mathematical methods in economics, with the help of which a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the properties of the newly formed elements is carried out and as a result of which certain inequalities and equations are derived. In other words, a scorecard is obtained.
3System synthesis is a mathematical formulation of the problem, during the organization of which a mathematical model of the object is formed and algorithms for solving the problem are determined. At this stage, there is a possibility that the adopted models of the previous stages may turn out to be incorrect, and you will have to go back one or even two steps to get the right result.
Once a mathematical model is formed,You can proceed to the development of a program to solve the problem on a computer. If there is a fairly complex object that consists of a large number of elements, it will be necessary to create a database and available tools for working with it.
If the task takes the standard form, then any suitable mathematical methods in economics and the finished software product are used.
The final stage is the direct operation of the generated model and obtaining the correct results.
Mathematical methods in economics shouldused precisely in a certain sequence and with the use of modern information and computing technologies. Only in this order is it possible to exclude subjective volitional decisions based on personal interest and emotions.
