The climate of the Far East can not but surpriseits uniqueness not only for the guests of our country, but also for many of its inhabitants who, it would seem, could already get used to its inconstancy, temperature changes, whims and unpredictability.
In fact, you can talk about this phenomenon indefinitely, analyzing the regions separately and stopping at each of them in detail, in the smallest detail.
However, the purpose of this article is precisely that,To describe the climate of the Far East as a whole, while compiling a general picture of the natural phenomena occurring there. It is not a secret for anyone that weather conditions in most cases become a prerequisite for the formation of one or another flora and fauna, and therefore, in general, predetermine one or another economic activity of the whole region.
What determines the weather in the Far East?
Geographically, the Far East is the most distant part of Russia from the capital. It includes Yakutia, Sakhalin, Chukchi, Kamchatka, Amur and Primorye.
It is impossible to talk about the climateFar East, without mentioning a number of its geological features. So, about 75% of the above-mentioned territory is occupied by plateaus and low uplands (up to 2000 m). In addition, there are many geysers on Kamchatka, more than 150 volcanoes, of which about 30 are, by the way, fully operational.
Knowing this kind of information, hardly anyone will be surprised to learn that the Kuriles and Kamchatka belong to the dangerous seismic belt of the Russian Federation.
The Far East, whose climate is alreadyseveral decades is the subject of close attention of many scientists, stretches for 4,500 thousand km along the Pacific coast. Here lies the line of collision of the Eurasian and Pacific plate, which contributes to the formation of mountain systems, which, incidentally, continues to this day, creating sometimes substantial problems and troubles.
Very often weather conditions in this region are created under the influence of processes occurring at the junction of lithospheric plates, as well as the interaction of warm and cold air currents.
General characteristic of observed phenomena
As is known from the school lessons of geography, the Far Eastern north is located beyond the Arctic Circle, so the snow cover here does not completely disappear even in the summer.
The northern part of this territory is distinguished by a special severity, namely, permafrost and tundra. In turn, the southern part is represented by the riot of spruce groves and subtropical plants.
It should be noted that the climatic conditionsthe whole territory is very different from each other, although one common feature is still there: everywhere there is high humidity. By the way, not everyone knows that the Pacific has a huge impact on the Far Eastern climate.
In general, there are three climatic zones dominating here: temperate, arctic and subarctic. In the summer there is a lot of precipitation, and in winter the snow cover can reach 3 meters in thickness.
Climate zoning
In general, the climate of the Far East belongs to one of five types:
- Chukotka weather is immediately determined by two types of climate: arctic and subarctic;
- The Kamchatka Territory and the coast of the Magadan Region are in the temperate climate zone;
- Khabarovsk Territory - in the temperate zone with sharply continental and monsoon types of climate;
- The Jewish Autonomous Region and the Amur Region are included in the monsoon climate type zone.
Far Eastern precipitation and air masses
In the cold season on the territory of the Far EastWestern winds bring Siberian dry and at the same time very frosty air (the so-called anticyclones), and in warm time the wind blows from the ocean, bringing cyclones, i.e. very heavy showers and cloudy weather.
It should be noted that throughout the territory precipitation falls unevenly, even in the same region.
Features of temperature
The Far East, whose climate is very diverse, has a number of characteristic features in terms of temperature.
Why?The thing is that as you move away from the shores of the Pacific Ocean into the interior of the continent, during the cold season there is a significant increase in frost. But during the warm season, the average monthly temperature throughout the territory is not very different, as a result of which the climate of the mixed forests of the Far East is very similar to the weather conditions that form on the coastal territory.
The exception, perhaps, is the north of Chukotka, where in July the average air temperature can sometimes reach as low as -2 ° C.
Almost throughout the remaining territory of the Far East, the average July temperature varies in the range of + 10 ... + 15 ° C. In the southern part of the region - at the level of + 17 ... + 21 ° C.
The climate of the Russian Far East and its influence on the local flora and fauna
The diversity of the vegetation of this region is a direct consequence of the presence of a difficult relief system and closed basins, as well as the effects of air masses of different temperatures.
In general, the flora here is represented by differentplant species, characteristic of both frozen Siberia and hot and sultry Asia. How does this manifest itself? Judge for yourself, isn't it surprising when lianas, lemongrass and grapes grow very close to Christmas trees, pines and nuts?
It is impossible not to draw attention to the fact thatThe climate of the Far East has led to the presence of many species of animals, the most common among which are reindeer, squirrels and moose, which, by the way, perfectly coexist with Amur tigers, rare for today black deer and raccoon dogs.
Economic activities of the region
Favorable climate The Russian Far East served as a reason for the intensive development of agriculture and industry.
For example, potatoes are grown in the center and in the south,rice, soy, wheat, beans and various vegetables. It also developed gardening. The north is mainly engaged in harvesting furs, and fishing is dominant on the coast.
There are also various valuable minerals in the Far Eastern territory: iron and non-ferrous ore, graphite, copper, gold, natural gas, oil, etc.
