Frigate "Admiral Makarov". Frigate 11356

Since the middle of the 20th century, the role of relatively small ships has increased among ships of virtually all the world's largest fleets. In the United States, these ships are called escort destroyers.

Tasks of ships

The main function of these ships is the protection oflow-speed convoys from the attack of submarines. Therefore, in comparison with a full-fledged destroyer, an escort destroyer has lower speed, less tonnage and armament. However, after the development of technology, using nuclear power plants, it was possible to dramatically increase the speed of submarines, as a result of which high-speed watchmen were needed. The development of anti-ship missiles required the strengthening of antiaircraft weapons. Therefore, as a result, the guard from the destroyer is distinguished by price and displacement.

History of designing frigates

In the 1960s, it was decided to costly largeanti-submarine ships to supplement the fleet with new patrol ships. Despite the smaller than the size of the BOD, the armed ships were not worse. Beginning in 1964, the development of the project 1135, a frigate, has a displacement of more than two thousand tons. The ships were planned to be equipped with the anti-submarine missile system Purga, the Osa-M missile system, a four-tube torpedo tube, two twin AK-726 artillery systems and RBU-6000 complexes. It was also planned to equip the vessel with a modern hydroacoustic system "Titan-2".

True problems that appeared during the testscomplex "Purga" and too short maximum range (6 km), forced to abandon it in favor of the four-seater anti-submarine system "Metel" with a range of 50 km. True, it turned out that the range was somewhat redundant, since the Titan-2 station had a much smaller detection range.

In addition, the number of torpedo tubes was doubled.units, anti-aircraft systems. Vessels of the project equipped with a towed sonar system "Vega". The displacement of vessels of project 1135 also increased, reaching 3,200 tons. Launched ships successfully carried out their combat missions. Thanks to the use of gas turbine engines, they developed a decent speed (32 knots) and were able to operate at a distance of up to 4000 miles.

The ships of projects 1135 and their modifications of the project 1135M were liked by the sailors. For 10 years, released 32 ships projects 1135 and 1135M.

True court differed serious flaw - in themthere was no helicopter hangar. With the development of technology in many fleets, the task of finding and defeating submarines laid down, in addition to the ship’s facilities, to aircraft deployed on ships.

Projects 1155 and 11351

As a result, the introduction of a helicopter hangarresulted in the creation of a BOD project 1155, the construction of which were occupied by two Baltic shipyards. At the Kerch shipbuilding plant, they began to produce upgraded project 11351 sentry keepers, which they planned to transfer to border guards.

The presence of a helicopter allowed to searchprosecution of borderbreaking vessels. Feed has been released to house the hangar. In this connection, shipbuilders transferred one AK-100 to the bow of the ship. As a result, the number of air defense missile systems and artillery systems with a caliber of 100 mm was half as much. To protect the ships from airborne attacks, a pair of 32-mm AK-630 six-barrel automatic rifles were installed at the stern. A new hydroacoustics was also installed. In part of the ships built under the project 11351, the Angara radar system was replaced with the newest one, the Fregat-M2.

All this allowed the ships of Project 11351 to surpass the ships of previous projects.

Indian order

In the 90s, the development of the fleet almost ceased.Factories tried to survive at the expense of export orders. The long history of cooperation between Russia and the Indian Navy, who constantly worked with Soviet shipbuilders in the procurement of domestic ships and in the field of consultations for designers in India. India, leading its own development, became interested in the export version of the project 11351 sentry - Project 11356.

Even in the initial stage of the frigate project 11356significantly different from the project 11351, which served as the prototype for the new development. RBU-6000 were replaced by Uran missile launchers for anti-ship protection. Further, the trends of time and the wishes of the Indian customer radically changed the appearance and filling of the frigate.

Differences from the prototype

Soviet border guards used ships of Project 11351 for guard purposes and to combat poaching in the coastal waters of the USSR. Therefore, it was almost no anti-ship weapons.

Indian customer needed universala ship that can withstand any enemy. Thus was born the frigate of the project 11356. Almost all the weapons of the ship were replaced. LAW "Osa-M" was replaced by "calm-1." Appeared PU for anti-ship missiles Club. Medium-caliber artillery was updated - the A-190E 100-mm artillery mount appeared.

Of the hydroacoustics, the Indians preferred the Humsa APSON system. All equipment of the frigates is controlled by the "Requirement-ME" system.

Significant differences and appearance.The frigate Ave. 11356 has less visibility for radars. Deck erections, based on the experience of past wars, are made of steel, not aluminum. Aluminum showed low resistance in fires.

Similarity with the prototype

But the hull and power unit M-7NEretained a high degree of similarity with a successful prototype. The increase in armament equipment and the growth of fuel reserves, which allow reaching a cruising range of 4,500 miles, led to an increase in displacement by 20% to 4,035 tons. At the same time, the maximum speed developed by the frigate 11356 fell from 32 to 30 knots. This is an acceptable cost to increase opportunities.

Delivery of order

The first frigate 11356 was commissioned in the spring of 2003, three months later the second was handed over, and in 2004 the third. India began operating ships.

Although the tests revealed some compatibility problems with some weapon systems, Indian customers highly appreciated the potential of the frigate 11356.

За успешной реализацией первого заказа последовал contract for three more frigates. The ships were built according to the modified project 11356M. Now the ships were equipped with ultra-fast anti-ship missiles "BrahMos", developed jointly by Russian and Indian experts, instead of the Club system. The customer received the ships of the new project in 2012-2013. Repair of frigates 11356 in India is made by the Russian side.

Frigates 11356R

In 2010, three more ships were laid.Now it is ships with the index 11356Р - for the needs of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia. In 2012-2013, 3 more ships of this series were laid. The new frigate 11356 is similar in design to the Indian, but it has differences in armaments. Equipment ships produced in Russia.

Project ships:

• "Admiral Grigorovich" (beginning of 2010, is being tested);
• frigate of project 11356 “Admiral Essen” (founded in 2011, is being tested);
• "Admiral Makarov" (the beginning of 2012, was launched in 2015);
• "Admiral Butakov" (early 2013);
• "Admiral Istomin" (early 2013);
• "Admiral Kornilov" (early 2014).

The delivery of the last three vessels was planned for 2016.

Ships are built at a fast pace.The fleet needs ships such as the frigate of project 11356. Airbase is a forum on which the characteristics of ships are analyzed. There are going to experts and caring.

The fate of the last 3 ships is not yet known due to the fact that there are no diesel generators on the frigate of the project 11356. They were made in Ukraine.If the frigate “Admiral Butakov” of project 11356 is already close to launch, the remaining ships are frozen. They are expected to be replaced by Russian analogues, which may delay the delivery for 1-2 years.

Ships for projects 11356 and 22350 for whichUkrainian gas turbine engines were previously installed, will soon be equipped with Russian analogues. Their characteristics significantly exceed the parameters of the Ukrainian power plants several times.

On the first three frigates of project 11356 and the firsttwo projects 22350 are already used GTD made in Ukraine. In the future, the vessels of both projects are planned to be equipped with Russian-made engines.

Work on the creation of engines are already underway on the basis of existing projects of the CCD. The first Russian engines are planned to be released by 2018.

"Admiral Makarov"

The frigate "Admiral Makarov" project 11356, whichordered for the Black Sea basin, launched in early September this year. He became the third of six ships in the series of project 11356. "Admiral Grigorovich" is on the sea trials. He is not surrendered yet. Mooring tests of the frigate “Admiral Essen” are underway.

The ship has effective anti-ship weapons and air defense missile systems to successfully repel air strikes.

Weapons

Anti-ship complex "Caliber-NK2. A-190 art system, which allows firing at sea and air targets. The air defense system" Shtil-1 "with a circular radar.

The submarine combat system consists of torpedo tubes with a caliber of 533-mm modification DTA-53-11356-2 and an RBU-6000 bombing installation.

The Fregat-M2EM radar, which detects and accompanies submarines, is used as hydroacoustic armament.

To work with helicopters, the frigate is equipped with a hangar and a platform for take-off and landing. Such weapons make the frigate “Admiral Makarov” of Project 11356 a formidable force.

Comparison with project 22350

Project 22350 is being implemented along with project 11356.Let's make a comparison of the frigates of the project 11356 and 22350. As the air defense system, instead of “Shtil-1”, there are 3B14U1 firing systems and “Polyment-Redut” air defense systems. For anti-ship protection, onyx or Caliber-NKE systems are used instead of Caliber-NK. These weapons make it possible to effectively use the frigate of Project 11356 against American ships.

Anti-submarine equipment frigates project 22350- starting complexes "Medvedka-2". The artillery weapons of the ship also changed. In place of the 100-mm artillery installation A-190 came 130-mm A-192, firing at 22 km. At the same time, frigates of projects 11356 and 22350 have a lot in common - both projects are equipped with very modern weapons.