From the point of view of philosophy, cognitiveactivity is the most important ideological problem. The attitude to the question of how cognizable the world is, determines the orientation of a person in society and the surrounding space, his activity. It is knowledge that determines the function of a person in the world, and knowledge is the highest level of information about the world that a person can receive with the help of his consciousness. Cognitive activity (PD), which is the unity of sensory perception, practical activity and thinking, allows you to get Knowledge.
PD is carried out continuously:in our communication, work, experiments, artistic and aesthetic activities, solving various problems. Such knowledge is characteristic of all living organisms. In addition to cognitive, learning and cognitive activity is peculiar to man. In the process of educational PD, cognition acquires clear goals, forms and tasks.
There are different types of PD. Modern science highlights:
- ordinary and practical;
- scientific;
- mythic-religious;
- art;
- philosophical.
Ordinary and practical cognitive activityflows in active and passive mode, it is spontaneous, occurs continuously. We learn the experience of others, learn new things, learn the world through touch, smell, and other senses. Environment, life, the simplest knowledge - these are the contents of everyday knowledge. Practical is somewhat more complicated: these are our beliefs, ideals, national signs, information about the connections existing in the world. We know that if you put your hand in boiling water, there will be a burn. Ordinary and practical cognitive activity summarizes personal, socio-cultural experience, popular wisdom. Through the ordinary and practical, we learn the language, learn about spiritual values, follow the generally accepted customs.
Scientific cognitive activity (activity)also arises from experience, practical or spontaneous empirical knowledge of the world around us. But unlike the knowledge of the elemental, science does not wait until the knowledge gained through experience appears. She goes further. Building theoretical models of phenomena, devices, processes, applying ideal abstract objects. The correctness of scientific assumptions is verified by experiment. It is possible to judge how the model corresponds to reality, only after comparing the results of the experiment and logical reasoning.
Scientific cognitive activity is differentfocus on the study of all new phenomena and processes, objectivity, integrity. It is a unity of objectively true and logically interconnected views, judgments, theories, provisions, laws.
Mythical and religious knowledge (some scientistsconsider them as separate types of cognitive activity) is, rather, not knowledge in its pure form, but thinking through dogma, belief in the supernatural, in God. Therefore, religious cognitive activity is the comprehension of God. Adherents of religion believe that the world is the arena of two opposing forces. They are called differently in different religions, but they have the same essence: Good and Evil. The supernatural can help, protect, and can punish for sins.
Mythological and religious knowledge has created a picture of the world unlike any other, which left a bright imprint not only on the world view of believers, but also on culture as a whole.
Mythological PD is peculiar to societies at the lowest stage of development.
Philosophical knowledge of reality is the desire to comprehend the world holistically, to find and realize its fundamental principles, to determine the place of man in the world.
Artistic PD - figurative understanding of reality.
All kinds of cognitive activity are interconnected and are derived from ordinary-practical knowledge.
