Any internet connection somehow containsin its physical construction twisted pair. It is through it that information with which the user interacts is transmitted - messages, web pages or videos. This article will discuss twisted pair RJ-45 connectors, as well as detailed description of the marking schemes, methods and connection standards.
Cable
Twisted pair is a few pairs.copper conductors, isolated from each other. Usually there are 8 pieces (or 4 pairs), less often - 4 (2 pairs). The color range is rigidly standardized for all types of twisted pair. This cable has a limitation - when connecting, the distance cannot exceed 100 meters between two nodes. To increase this parameter, you need to revise the network topology and distribute the nodes differently or use special network hubs.
Twisted pair has several varieties:
- UTP. The most common. It is a simple pair of conductors in a plastic sheath.
- F / UTP. All conductors are surrounded by one common foil screen.
- STP. In this form, each individual pair has its own protected braid and a common net screen.
- S / FTP. It has a copper screen, as well as each individual pair in its foil winding.
Twisted pair connector
Для создания надёжных подключений используются RJ series connectors This short abbreviation stands for Registered Jack. This translates to "registered connector". It was first established by Bell in 1975 to bring the connectors used to a common denominator.
The entire series of these connectors is somehow connected to the network. For example, a four-wire RJ9 is used to connect the handset to the device.
Used as a twisted pair connectorRJ-45, by the way, is divided into two types - standard RJ-45 and RJ-45S. The first is used to create local networks, and the second is used to connect modems.
На самом деле прижившийся в России термин RJ-45 It is called so erroneously, since it is similar in appearance to RJ-45S, which uses four wires. However, the name is firmly fixed to the connector for the local network, so this article will also use this abbreviation.
Appearance
The RJ-45 twisted pair connector case is made oftransparent plastic. Less common is the shielded version with a shell of special metal. The new connector has eight legs inside, which are in a “charged” state. When crimping is performed, they are pressed against the wires, “biting” them into them and forming a secure fastening and connection.
Crimping methods
Each twisted pair has four colors.The pair has a conductor, filled with solid color, and mixed with white. The palette is white-orange and orange, white-green and green, white-blue and blue, white-brown and brown.
Depending on connection parametersdevices, different color options are used. That is, at one end of the cable should be one pattern, on the other - the other or the same one, as will be shown below.
For example, when connecting a computer and a hub, the following color marking should be observed:
- White-orange - white-orange.
- Orange - orange.
- White-green - white-green.
- Blue - blue.
- White-blue - white-blue.
- Green - green.
- White-brown - white-brown.
- Brown - brown.
That is color in color. And in the event that you need to connect two computers or a hub, a special color scheme is used, which in everyday life is called “cross”:
As you can see, many colors have only slightly changed their location. The brown and blue pairs remained in place, and the orange and green pairs changed.
By the way, many modern devices have learned how to determine the placement of pairs automatically, which is undoubtedly convenient when creating large networks.
Feedthrough connector
Sometimes during the operation of a local networkthe cable surface may be damaged and must be repaired in any way. To do this, there is a twisted pair connector RJ-45 "mother-mother". It is a plastic case with two connectors, similar to those located on the system unit or in a laptop. To repair a damaged cable, you will need to compress it at both ends according to the described color schemes. Then connect them to the mother-to-mother RJ-45 twisted pair connector. Quite a convenient and easy way to quickly restore the network without replacing the entire cable. By the way, there is a second name for this twisted pair connector - joyner. In fact, this is just the component that connects two uniform types of connectors.
Krone connector type
Krone is the company that set the tone andcreated its own type of connector with the same name. Basically, this term is used to designate outlets with a special connection mechanism. Although the company directory has a set of twisted pair connectors Krone.
Twisted pair crimping tool
To build local networks are usedspecial instruments and tools. In particular, a crimper is used for working with a twisted pair cable connector. In everyday life, it can also be called simply “crimp” or “crimp”.
Этот инструмент внешне напоминает клещи.One end of them fixed. The second is a handle for committing power. Between them there may be several seats for connectors, depending on the design. Also included is sometimes a special blade for cutting and stripping wires.
After crimping the cable, it becomes necessaryQuickly check whether the wires are properly aligned. To do this, there is a special type of tool - special testers that allow in real time to find out about the presence of a contact.
Crimping process
To connect the network connection, you will need: connector for cable, twisted pair cat. 5e or any other cable itself of the required length and crimper.
В зависимости от целей соединения, нужно сначала choose a color scheme. Then you need to take care to remove the insulation. For this “crimping” there is a special place for this procedure in the form of a hole. The cable is inserted into it, clamped and rotated in a circle. Only couples should stay. Now they must be manually folded on each side and assembled in accordance with the color scheme.
The knife on the tool must be cut off the excesswires up to about one centimeter. Now is the time of the connector. The most convenient way is to hold it up. You need to insert a pair of special grooves until it stops. At this point, it is worth making sure that the color scheme is appropriate.
Когда все готово, провода находятся в коннекторе and placed correctly, it is time to crimp. To do this, it is installed in the seat of the crimper and handles are compressed with force. At the same time, copper contacts will crash into wires and form a reliable connection.
This procedure must be carried out from both ends of the cable.
What if there is no special tool at hand?
Buying an expensive crimper for one or two crimps is not profitable. But in situations where there is an urgent need to connect the cable, there is an exit. To do this, you need a simple screwdriver.
As in the situation with the crimper, you first need to decide on the color scheme, and also clean the cable with a knife. By analogy, the wires are inserted into the connector.
Now you need a screwdriver strongly and, most importantly,gently click on the contacts. As a result, they should be slightly recessed relative to the body. The plastic cable retainer is gently pressed in last. This method may not work the first time. In addition, the contacts may not cling to the end, but if there is no other way out, you will have to practice until a successful crimp.
It is worth noting that the industry does not stand onplace, and on the market there are already twisted pair connectors that do not require special tools. They look like a normal connector with two drop-down panels. Under them are placed the sockets into which the wires are inserted. After snapping in, the connector is automatically crimped. An interesting and easy way to create a network without tools. The only thing that needs to be done is to manually remove the braid.
Conclusion
В мире соединителей витой пары или коннекторов there are many different solutions. Some are universal, some are rigidly defined by standards. In any case, their main goal is to create a stable connection between the cable and the connector.
Despite the widespread usewireless networks, twisted pair connectors are still relevant to this day. After all, it is necessary to carry out the Internet to the router somehow. Therefore, the twisted pair and all its additional elements will remain in trend for a long time.
