New Russian operating system for PC. Russian operating systems

Not so long ago, the press just appearedsensational statement. It turns out that on all computers of state institutions of our country there will soon be no “traditional” Windows OS! Major figures promise that its place will be taken by the Russian operating system. The idea is such that by the end of this year, this very “OS” should start testing in public institutions.

Optimistic start

The most famous project that is theoreticallycan lay claim to such significant roles, is "Synergy". This system uses the Linux kernel, the decision to develop it was made quite recently, on August 13, 2014. This was decided by the joint commission (at the meeting of the companies of OJSC Russian Railways, Rosatom) and the Russian Federal Nuclear Center from the city of Sarov.

By the way, it is at the Synergy enterpriseNow it should be intensively tested. The Russian Railways will need to actively “bring to mind” the OS, provided that it is used in user database management systems. Already there are enough of Russian Railways!

By the way, this whole idea was generallyIt was initiated by Rosatom specialists, since the share of imported software in nuclear power is extremely high, and it was high time to leave such vicious practices. All involved in the development promise that the Russian operating system will be protected from hacking no worse than the best foreign counterparts.

Last straw

Such a quick decision was largely due tothat just in August 2014 the next update package for Windows 7 was released. The irony of fate is that it was these updates that led to the failure of thousands of computers around the world, as there were critical errors in it. The problem was also aggravated by the situation with malfunctions of Windows RT, Windows 8 and 8.1 systems.

What is all this for?

Generally, recently only lazy notdiscusses the Russian operating system. However, the discussion is ironic. Do not blame users for the lack of patriotism. Practice shows that in most cases, domestic projects in this area can only offer “non-boring wallpapers” and a new theme for the design of the same Ubuntu.

It’s important to understand which requirements shouldanswer a really promising Russian operating system, what principles should be incorporated into it. Let's try to fantasize and imagine in what directions its development should go.

"Childhood diseases"

In general, you should always start from the previous one.experience, even negative. As we have already said, our country has one. Starting from the ancient Spectrum, on which a somewhat rethought DOS was put, ending at times relatively recent, when "fundamentally new" BedOS 2 Tanya was installed in some computer clubs. This epic creation was nothing more than a recycled Windows 98 almost unrecognizable.

All of them were united by one: despite the new interface, all of these OSs were just a few reworked products of world famous software manufacturers.

What are the challenges facing domestic developers?

In principle, talking about nothing new in this casedon't have to. If a truly new Russian operating system for PCs is being developed, then its creators face a huge number of tasks. We list only the main ones:

• An OS release that will perform all its tasks will work on servers and workstations of Russian production.
• Creation of working and functional virtualization tools for it.
• The very development of a database management tool, debugging of which is now assigned to Russian Railways.
• Creation, development and support of the domestic application development environment.
• The release of funds that could be used to automate testing.
• Creation of a domestic “application store”. Give a decent answer with all sorts of AppStore!
• OS release that can work not only ondesktop computers and laptops, but also on mobile technology (smartphones, tablets). This Russian mobile operating system should become a competitor to Android, iOS, Windows Mobile.
• Development of design tools that will facilitate the writing of new applications.
• Analysis of the business sector of the economy, the creation of a specialized cluster of programs specifically for him.
• Finally, the development of the Russian operating system should include the creation of its own working environment (DE).
• Creating new tools for installing, deploying, and debugging written programs.
• Opportunity for painless migration of business and home users from older versions of the OS.
• Formation of training courses that will tell users about what the Russian operating system for PC is about, its capabilities and prospects.

About users of the new OS

It's no secret that the modern segment of homecomputers are largely game-oriented. In addition, the PC market is characterized by an incredible variety of computer hardware, as well as the unconditional dominance of the very Windows OS. Since all the concepts and habits of users in this niche are distinguished by inveterate conservatism, it is unlikely that they will be able to somehow change them.

Thus, the new Russian operating system will most likely be targeted at government agencies, corporate segments of the economy, and the military-industrial complex.

What requirements should the new OS meet?

1. The relatively low cost of both the system itself and the hardware, which is necessary for its normal functioning.
2. The possibility of "cloud" work ondocuments. Simply put, some environment for joint development should be oriented to the new system, which is especially in demand in an enterprise or state organization.
3. The system should be able toscaling. It is desirable that with the growth of the enterprise it could be “sharpened” precisely for the needs of a large organization (such analogues of versions of Business, Professional).
4. The speed of processing arrays of information should be as high as possible.
5. Maximum reliability and security (including from viruses).
6. The development and development of the operating system should be carried out taking into account the latest trends in the hardware market.
7. Protection against malicious actions. In principle, the Russian operating system Rosa is well protected from this, but it is actually another Linux distribution.
8. At least the theoretical possibility of using a home user on a computer (in order to gradually attract a new audience).
9. Full compatibility with at least the most common computer hardware and peripherals.

OS development taking into account future hardware development trends

В последнее время процессоры перешагнули порог 14 nm, the same domestic “Elbrus” 65 nm appeared, it is reported about the imminent release of a capacious memory of a new type ReRam, which in speed will leave all modern SSD (NAND) far behind. Simply put, one of the priority tasks facing manufacturers should be the development of such a system that will work on both existing and future hardware. This is a complicated matter, and therefore there are quite logical doubts about its success.

And now we’ll talk about real progress in this area.

About the "Chameleons" and more

In general, modern domestic OSs have exactlytwo realistic development paths. And in the first place is the justified interest of the military, for whom the protected domestic software is extremely important. The second direction can be described as "patriotic development." Sometimes projects appear on the network, the authors of which regularly announce the Russian-made operating system.

In the latter case, you can call the OS Xameleon.If we talk about the technological side of the issue, it is very similar to Mac OS X, since both systems are based on the use of a microkernel. Chameleon implements the development of L4, while Mac OS X includes the Mach microkernel. Alas, the domestic “answer” so far does not even have a banal GUI, that is, a graphical interface.

Other candidates

There is also a Russian operating system"Patriot OS". Quite a long time ago, Boomstarter announced the collection of donations for its creation. The claimed amount is 38.5 million rubles, which in itself causes massive ridicule in the network. The fact is that domestic crowdfunding projects have never gained more than 12 million. In addition, if you read the requirements for the new system ...

Simply put, the amount claimed is clearly small.If the Russian Patriot OS operating system claims at least 1-2% of the software market in this area, then you need to collect ten times more. However, this money should be enough even for a preliminary beta version, by which it will be possible to judge the prospects of the project as a whole. But the adequacy of some of the claimed characteristics raises deep doubts.

A moment of humor

So, the author of the project says that he would like tocreate a new Patriot Network, an analogue of the World Wide Web, which will be available only to those users on whose computers the Russian Patriot operating system will be installed. It is stated that it will be based on "incredibly fast dynamic technology." The fact is that even $ 38 million will not be enough to implement something like this, to say nothing of the domestic currency ...

Phantom Perspectives

There is also a Russian operating system"Phantom". Theoretically, it is a development of the Digital Zone company (in fact - “homework” by Dmitry Zavalishin). Last year every year he ardently proves the advantages of his “brainchild” at the HighLoad exhibition and other similar events.

In principle, and this time nothing is genuinePhantom does not contain a revolutionary and new Russian operating system. Developers really are not cunning when they claim that their OS is not a clone of Windows / Unix.

But for some reason they “forget” to tell,that the Phantom is almost an exact copy of the KeyKOS / EROS system. Moreover, this topic was started in the distant 80s of the last century, when the general principles of KeyKOS development were laid.