Gabriel Garcia Marquez - Famous Colombianwriter. Also known as a publisher, journalist and politician. One of the most prominent representatives of the literary movement, known as magical realism. In 1982 he was awarded the Nobel Prize.
Childhood writer
Gabriel Garcia Marquez was born in 1927. He was born in the town of Arakataka, in Colombia. He is in the department of Magdalena.
His father was a pharmacist.When the boy was two years old, his parents moved to Sucre. At the same time, Gabriel Garcia himself remained to live in Aracataca. His grandparents were engaged in his education on the maternal side. Each of them was a brilliant story-teller, thanks to them the future writer became acquainted with numerous folk legends, as well as language features. In his work, they were of great importance.
In 1936, the grandfather died, 9-year-old Gabriel Garcia Marquez moved to his parents. His father by then owned a pharmacy in Sucre.
Education Marquez
Primary education the hero of our article receivedin a Jesuit college in the town of Zipaquira. He moved there when he was 13 years old. This is a small town located just 30 kilometers from the capital of Bogota.
In 1946, his parents insisted thatHe entered the law faculty of the National University of Bogota. In high school, he met his future wife by the name of Mercedes. Interesting fact: she, too, was the daughter of the pharmacist.
In 1950, the future writer dropped out of school tobecome a journalist and a writer. As the author himself later admitted, Virginia Woolf, William Faulkner, Franz Kafka and Ernest Hemingway had the greatest influence on him.
Work as a journalist
Gabriel Garcia’s journalistic career began atnewspaper town Barranquilla. Soon he became an active member of the creative group of writers and a journalist in this locality. There he was inspired to become a future writer.
In 1954, Marquez moved to the capital. In Bogota, begins to actively publish small articles on various topics and reviews of films.
In 1956, the hero of our article goes toEurope He settles in Paris, writes reports and articles for Colombian newspapers. But at the same time it is not possible to earn big money, so he is experiencing certain financial difficulties.
Having become famous, Marquez admits thathe had to collect old newspapers and bottles, because they were given several centimes for them. Food, sometimes, was not enough so that the hero of our article borrowed the remains of bones from a butcher to cook himself a stew.
Marquez in the USSR
В 1957 году Маркес побывал в СССР.In the Soviet Union, he came to the festival of youth and students. An interesting fact is that he did not have a special invitation. In Leipzig, he managed to join the group of Colombian artists from the ensemble of folk art. It helped that he sang well, danced and even played drums and guitar.
He wrote about his trip to the Soviet Union in the essay "The USSR: 22,400,000 square kilometers without a single Coca-Cola advertisement!" In 1957, the writer moved to Venezuela and settled in Caracas.
In 1958, he briefly arrives in Colombia,to have a wedding with Mercedes Barch. Already the two of them are returning to Venezuela. In 1959, they were born the firstborn, who is called Rodrigo. In the future he will become a film director. Received the Cannes International Film Festival Award, will remove one of the episodes of the black comedy "Four Rooms".
In 1961, the family moved to Mexico. After three years, they have another son Gonzalo. He became a graphic designer.
First publications
In parallel with the work of the journalist, Marquez beginswrite. In 1961, his story "No one writes to the colonel." It remains unnoticed, readers did not appreciate it. The circulation of the work - 2 thousand copies. Sell fails less than half.
Marquez dedicates his first work75-year-old veteran of the Colombian Thousand-Day War. After the death of his son, he lives in poverty with his wife on the outskirts of the city. His whole life consists of waiting for a letter from the capital - he must be given a pension, as a war veteran. But the officials are silent. The only ones who support him are his son's friends. He was killed for distributing political leaflets, his supporters also secretly engaged in opposition activities.
In 1966, Marquez released the novel "The Bad Hour".
"One Hundred Years of Solitude"
Marquez's worldwide popularity is brought by the novel "One Hundredyears of loneliness ". Gabriel Garcia publishes it in 1967. For him, he received many awards. Admittedly, this is a key work, thanks to which the writer was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature. His Nobel lecture was called" The Loneliness of Latin America. "
"One Hundred Years of Solitude" by Gabriel García Márquez is a work whose main events take place in the fictional town of Macondo. But they are directly related to the history of the whole of Colombia.
In the center of the story is the Buendía family.For generations, various members of this clan have ruled the city. Some lead him to development, others turn into cruel dictators. The country is raging civil war, which has lasted for several decades. The city thrives when a banana company enters it. But soon the workers arrange a demonstration, which is shot by the National Army. The bodies of those killed are dumped into the sea.
After that, rain falls on the city, whichdoes not stop five years. The last Buendia is born, which will live in the abandoned and deserted Macondo. The novel "One Hundred Years of Solitude" by Gabriel García Márquez ends with the city and the houses of the Buendía tornado wiping off the face of the earth.
Marquez's novels
Among his prose works needhighlight novels. In 1975, he published The Autumn of the Patriarch, telling about the life of a Latin American dictator, who is a collective image of all tyrants.
After 10 years there is another his novel undertitle "Love during cholera." He is talking about a girl named Fermina Dasa, who marries a doctor Urbino, passionate about cholera. Interestingly, in Russia, the novel came out under the name "Love during the plague."
In 1989, Marquez released the novel "The General inhis labyrinth "about the last days of life of the fighter for the independence of the Spanish colonies Simon Bolivar. The last novel of the author was the work" On love and other demons. "
Illness and death
In 2000, under the name Garcia Marquez appearsthe poem "The Doll", which confirms the rumors about the deadly disease of the Nobel laureate. True, it soon became clear that the real author of this work is the Mexican ventriloquist, Johnny Welch. Both later admit the fact of an error. However, still on the Internet you can find excerpts from this poem, signed by the name of the hero of our article.
In fact, the cancer in the lungs wasfound in a writer in 1989. Most likely, the reason was his addiction to cigarettes. During work, he could smoke three packs a day. In 1992, a successful operation took place, thanks to which the development of the disease was managed to be stopped.
In 1999, doctors diagnosed him with lymphoma. After the most complicated operations in the USA and Mexico, he underwent a long rehabilitation course.
In 2014, the writer was hospitalized with a lung infection. April 17, he died in the 88th year of life. The cause of death is renal failure.
