What is Romanticism? Nothing arises, as they say, out of nothing. Every phenomenon has a prehistory. Here, too, romanticism arose on some basis, namely, against the backdrop of the Great French Revolution.
If we compare the period of classicism and timeromanticism, then it may appear that people at the same time were fed up with the Greek heroes and gods - and they remembered their mythology. A person of this age was acutely aware of the need to touch the national roots as close as possible.
The world of folk traditions best corresponds to the mysterious worldview of romanticism - beautiful and mysterious, opposed to the real world.
The human soul became the subject of the most importantand careful "research" of romantic creators. The world is simply huge, and the person in it is very small, his feelings are too fleeting ... In order to "stop the moment" of the movements of the human soul, one can not always do with a symphony, poem or opera with their monumentality - it is much more convenient "tiny" genres that romantics raise on the shield. The era of romanticism changes the notion of music - it is at this time that composers appear for the first time, whose main "visiting card" is songs.
The symphony and the opera become different - they no longer follow the strict canons of classicism.
In the works of writers, poets, artists andmusicians in the XVIII century you could see what is romanticism. Interest in the human person brings romanticism to the darkest and most secret depths: obsession, insanity, rejection of generally accepted orders and norms ... Thus images of romantic villains with their dark thoughts are born - not deprived, however, of attraction ...
Romanticism in Literature
If it were not for the events of those times, we would neverlearned such a direction in literature as romanticism. For the first time in this field of art, it originated in Germany, among the philosophers and writers of the Yen school (Ludwig Tik, VG Wackenroder, the Schlegel brothers, Novalis).
The philosophy of Romanticism was precisely systematizedin the works of F. Schelling and F. Schlegel. In the further development of its German Romanticism shows interest in mythological and fairy-tale motives, which was especially pronounced in the work of Hoffmann, the Brothers Grimm.
A bright representative of English romanticism -Byron. His work is permeated with the pathos of protest and struggle with the modern world, the chanting of individualism and freedom. Also to the romanticism of England is the work of John Keats, Shelley, William Blake.
What is romanticism in other European countries?In France, for example, this direction was represented by Chateaubriand, Lamartine, J. Stael, Victor Hugo, Prosper Merimee, Alfred de Vigny, George Sand. In Italy - A. Manzoni, NU Foskolo, Leopardi. In Poland - Juliusz Slovak, Adam Mickiewicz, Ciprian Norvid, Sigmund Krasinsky. In the USA, Fenimore Cooper, Henry Longfellow, Washington Irving, WK Bryant, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Poe, Herman Melville.
In Russian romanticism there was freedom from anyclassical conventions, a romantic drama, a ballad. A new conception of the meaning and essence of poetry was established, which was recognized as an independent sphere of life, the spokesman for the ideal, higher aspirations of man.
The early poetry of the well-known A.S.Pushkin also developed within the framework of romanticism. The top of Russian romanticism is the poetry of M. Yu. Lermontov. Philosophical lyrics of FI Tyutchev is both an end and, as it were, overcoming Russian Romanticism.
What is romanticism in mysterious workswriters? This era loves all the mysterious and gloomy - it was this period that gave rise to the Gothic romance with its ancient castles, the terrible secrets of the past, populated by ghosts.
Romanticism was destined to completely exhaust itself, figuratively degenerating into cliches that were mocked - and thus give way to other artistic trends.
To this day, a romantic is called a person who, contrary to everything, believes in his lofty ideals.
