Folk crafts - a unique phenomenonnational cultures. They reflect the aesthetic ideals of the common people, the beautiful impulses of the soul, the desire to reflect the perfection of God's world. Amazing craftsmanship and talent of folk craftsmen live in their products, many of which have not been a hundred years old. We live and delight us, the descendants of those who, as if playfully, were controlled with threads and needles, bobbins and knitting needles, tassels and paints. And also with axes and hammers, creating wonderful towers without a single nail, the finest wooden or iron lace and many other wonders with their strained hands.
Artists from god
The Ural-Siberian painting is one of the most striking.examples of such folk craft. Its elements can still be seen on old-fashioned utensils, household items, kitchen utensils anywhere in the peasant houses of remote small villages. Usually, in such places forgotten by God, original national thinking is preserved, and in families, things that have been made by great-great-grandfathers are inherited and carefully kept. Here and Ural-Siberian painting - a phenomenon that originated in the culture of the Russian people for a long time, about 17-18 centuries. It is widely used in the design of the interior and exterior of common people, reflecting the natural desire of people for the beautiful, the desire to improve their life. When the eastern outskirts of Siberia and the Urals began to be actively mastered by settlers from Pomerania and the Russian North, they naturally transferred their traditions, including artistic ones, to a new soil. And the Ural-Siberian painting has become a kind of combination of the picturesque manner of the local peoples with the newcomers. At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries, peasants from the southern regions of Russia and Ukraine went to Siberia and the Urals in search of a better life. They also contributed to the cultural environment of the places where they settled for settlement. This is clearly manifested in the innovations of the letter, which distinguishes the Ural-Siberian painting of the late 19th century.
Features of technology
How can we distinguish the pictorial stylecraftsmen of this region from others? First of all, on the so-called "double" technique of smear overlay. A lot of additional elements, besides the main one, in the compositions, various colors are the second sign, according to which an experienced ethnographer, local historian, artist or art historian will immediately indicate that we have Ural-Siberian painting. The pictures given in the article as examples also help to demonstrate the originality of folk painting. The third distinctive feature of the work of peasant nuggets is freedom, improvisation in drawing. The artist first paints the background on the product with oil paints, and on top of it embodies his creative ideas. This is the complexity of the technique: the artist creates immediately immediately, without preparatory drafts.
Master's hand
Contains Ural-Siberian painting elementsflora, stylized figures of people and animals. In each individual work, the artist concentrates on the play of contrasts, trying to reveal the richness of a particular color shade as much as possible. Therefore, in the drawings that decorate trays, dishes, caskets, window shutters, etc., as a rule, there is no riot of colors - they use 3-4 maximum. But it is precisely thanks to the contrast that juiciness, expressiveness and vividness of the image are achieved. The most revealing in this regard is Ural-Siberian painting on wood. A modest bunch of wildflowers, a handful of strawberries, green twig - everything looks touching, cute and very beautiful. Especially on a dark background - black, brown, blue.
Painting motives
What is most often depicted by local artists?First of all, nature - the environment or one that was native to the settlers at one time. This is well demonstrated by the history of the Ural-Siberian painting. Berries and flowers characteristic of those places, overseas fruits, grape brush, herbs and shrubs adorn the paintings in all their glory. Often it is possible to see birds on handicrafts. Among them is the proud inhabitant of a peasant household — a rooster — in elegant plumage, the beauty of Russian forests — a pheasant — in his bright “dress”, stunned owls, fantastic prophetess-syrin with sad female faces. Bears, wolves, dogs were drawn from animals by artists of the Urals and Siberia. The figures of people, as a rule, are red girls and good young people in national costumes or work clothes.
Compositional solutions
The principle of the golden section, proportionalityAll elements of the composition are required for Ural-Siberian painting. The main drawing is located in the center. The vegetative elements of the ornament - grass, branches, flower stems, leaves - balance the details, make the background more vivid, diverse, rich, interesting, and the image is proportional. Thanks to them, all the details of the picture are perceived as one harmonious whole.
A color scheme
Even in the old days artists of the Ural and Siberianedges invented and widely used the technique of "shattered". What it is: when the background of the painting is dark (green, orange, burgundy, blue), then drops of white paint are added to it. Thanks to this technique, the palette acquired pastel softness, some muted tones. And if the background of the painting was chosen in a bright gamut - blue, woody, golden, white, then the folk masters used “uncovering” - dark strokes. What it was for: to achieve harmony in the transition from one color to another, from the center of the pattern to its edges. The best examples of Ural-Siberian painting show us the unique beauty and craftsmanship of folk creations. These traditions are alive today thanks to contemporary artists.
