Before we dwell on the question of howdetermine the size of the poetic lines, it should be noted that we are talking about the syllabic-tonic system of versification, where the defining element is the foot. This is such a recurring element that consists of one stressed and a certain number of unstressed syllables. The foot was already known in antiquity, but there it consisted not of stressed and unstressed syllables, but of long and short ones.
Sizes are determined by the nature of the foot andthe number of feet in the verse (verse line). One of the typical wording errors is the tautological phrase “the poetic size of a verse”. This phrase can be heard quite often from schoolchildren and even from teachers; it is incorrect, although it is very common. The size of the verse is inherently poetic, so it’s not correct to ask: “How to determine the verse size of the verse?”, Correctly say: “How to determine the size of the verse?”
Disylisal feet
The nature of the foot depends on the size of the poetic.How to determine the nature of the foot, prompts chanting, writing a verse in the form of a diagram and determining what place the stressed syllable takes in each repeating element of the poem.
Two-syllable feet consist of two syllables (that is, an element is repeated every two syllables).
Если первый слог повторяющегося элемента ударный, and the second - unstressed, then it is a trochee. It is enough to repeat several times a choreic word (summer, autumn) in order to feel the sound of chorea. Chorea is very common in poetry and is known to readers both from the works of contemporary authors and from the works of the classics. Choreic verses are very characteristic of poetry addressed to children:
Somehow in the autumn Osya the donkey
Slept very badly at night.
And when eight struck,
Donkey Osya did not get up ... (A. Chebyshev)
Hedgehog Honya was meek,
Hedgehog Honya not in a hurry.
Here once the hedgehog Honya
I decided to go for water ... (A. Chebyshev)
Bath day at the turtle.
Very troublesome for him:
Wash your shirt
And wash yourself ... (A. Chebyshev)
If the shock in the foot is the second syllable, then it is iambic. Iambic verses are no less popular.
The kitten was fluffy
And very naughty.
He ran fast, fast
For the cat and for me.
More to the dog Beetle
He often molested ...
And if you take the pens,
He purred and slept. (A. Chebyshev)
To "hear" the sound of iamba, it is enough to repeat any iambic word (spring, heat). Iamb is usually associated with the sound of Pushkin's Eugene Onegin.
Trisyllabic foot
Trisyllabic feet consist, respectively, of three syllables, one of which is the first, second or third syllable.
Если ударный первый слог, то это называется dactyl To "hear" the dactyl, it is enough to repeat any dactylic word (joyfully, sadly). Dactyl is very common in Russian poetry, but it can be found more rarely iamba and chorea.
Three and four and two hippo
We met two and four elephants.
Next - one - it was a swamp,
Two is a river.
And the palm tree is one.
Three and one hippo said:
"Hello, two and four elephants."
And the rest lay under a palm tree.
There were many
And the palm tree is one. (A. Chebyshev)
If the stressed syllable is second, then it is amphibrach.After repeating an amphibrach word (native, dog, nature), it is easy to feel the special sound of amphibrachia. The amphibrachical name of the fictional character Pupusik determined the sound of the comic cycle of poems by Andrei Chebyshev “Economic Pupusik and eight bulky nusik”:
... Once pupusik water flowers,
And nusiki measured the water in pots,
Ensured that he did not take him
And in each pot over the water
... Once pupusik smelled lunch
And he remembered that there was no salt or a handful.
And nusiki syamknuli: “Do not trumbambol!
Even in the old tambourine, the salt became enriched ... "
... Once Pupusik smuggled with a friend
Suddenly the nusiki screamed in loud fright:
“Pupusik! Pupusik! He is not a friend at all!
See how he preys with his eyes around!
He ate three candies and six plaques.
What about the nusiki in the evening? .. ”
In the event that the third syllable of three is stressed, they speak of anapaest. To feel anapaest, you can repeat any anapaest word (city, four together) several times.
... and there is still a resurrection.
And today you can not indulge,
Because when the resurrection
We do not need to get up early.
Mom-dad won't be with alarm clock,
Like today, swearing in the morning ...
But then in my fridge
Very tasty fish roe.
And last spring on Sunday -
They still sold elephants -
With mom-dad, we walked with families,
And they had Seryozhka Panov ... (A. Chebyshev)
Это пять самых распространенных, классических Stop. In the Russian classics they are mainly used, and they determine the most famous and widespread poetic dimensions. How to determine the size itself, and not just the type of foot, will be described below.
Foursided feet (peons)
Русская поэзия знает также четырехсложные стопы, they are called peons. If the stressed syllable is the first, then such a foot is called peon I, if the second, then, respectively, peon II, and so on. Peons are easily confused with chorea or iambic, however, if you listen, their sound is different. As part of the school curriculum, they mostly talk about classical feet - dysloheas and trilogies.
Five-foot (peptones)
In addition, five-syllable stops are also possible, orpyathodol, or peptones. These feet can be found in Russian folk poetry or in its stylizations. The most widespread are the pentacs with the third stressed syllable: “As in Mother, in the wet land ...” The sound of peptone III is really very characteristic and unforgettable, familiar to many in Russian epics.
Number of feet in verse
The foot determines the size of the poem.How to determine the type of foot, described above, but in order to find out what size a poem was written, knowledge of the type of foot is not enough. The foot is the unit that measures size. The second action that needs to be done is to calculate how many feet exactly the verse line forms.
Correct names of the poetic size thereforefor example, “trisyllable trochee” (the number of choreic feet in a row is three), five-syllable iambic (the number of iambic feet in a row is five), “two-syllable anapaest” (the number of anapaest feet in a row is two), etc. A typical mistake is made by many schoolchildren and students, answering the question: “What size is it?” - naming only the type of foot. It is wrong to say, “The size of this poem is a dactyl,” it is correct to say: “The size of this poem is a three-stop (dorsing, etc.) dactyl.”
Determining the number of feet in the verse
So, the size and nature of the foot depends on the size of the poetic. How to determine the number of feet? It depends on the number of shock (circuit) stresses. Let us explain this with the example of chorea and amphibrachia.
If I wear a hat,
I will become almost like a dad.
Well, and dad and without a hat
It still looks like dad.
In this poem by Andrey Chebyshev “About father's hat,” the size is defined as a four-syllable trochee, since the verse line (verse) contains four choreic feet.
The horse across the field galloped, galloped,
She galloped across the field and was very tired.
I stood in the field and pinched grass.
And again she galloped, galloped, galloped.
And in the river I swam, and the mane played,
And again, across the field, galloped, galloped.
Neither the wind nor the bird catch it.
No one can jump so fast.
В этом стихотворении того же автора количество the foot is also four, but the feet, unlike the previous example, are not choreic, but amphibrachic, therefore the size of this poem is a four-stop amphibrach.
