Biography of the artist Makovsky Constantinetoday obscured by his distinguished brother Vladimir, the famous representative of the Wanderers. However, Constantine left a noticeable mark on art, being a serious, independent painter.
Makovsky family
Surname Makovsky well known in Russianart. The father of the family, Egor Ivanovich Makovsky, was a famous artist in Moscow, an amateur artist. He organized the “Life School” for painters, which later became known as the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.
The family has always reigned creative spirit and notsurprisingly, all three children of Egor Ivanovich became artists. Father's friends often visited the house - artists Karl Bryullov and Vasily Tropinin, you could meet the writer Gogol, the actor Shchepkin, the composer Glinka. The family constantly held literary and musical evenings, there were discussions about art. All this influenced the formation of children. Adult Konstantin Makovsky said that his success in painting, he was obliged exclusively to his father, who was able to settle in him an indestructible love of art.
The family had three children: the eldest son Konstantin, the daughter of Alexander, and the youngest - Vladimir. Prosperity in the family was modest, but the reigning spirit of art fully compensated for all domestic inconveniences.
Childhood Constantine
Since childhood, Konstantin Makovsky was immersed in art, in fact, he did not know any other life, and he was destined to choose the path of the painter. All the children in the family started drawing very early.
Kostya, as the first child in the family, began withthat he was next to his father and his friends, when they discussed painting and their designs, showed sketches and paintings. All this formed the aesthetic views and interests of the boy.
Finding a craft
In 1851Konstantin Makovsky enters his father's school of painting, sculpture and architecture. His mentors were there - V. Tropinin, M. Scotty, S. Zaryanko, And Mokritsky. Here, for seven years, the artist was formed from a boy with his own, original view of the world and taught him the basics of pictorial art.
At school, he was the first student, got allpossible rewards. In 1858, Konstantin entered the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg - the best educational institution in the field of art in the Russian Empire. During his studies, he regularly exhibited his work at the annual exhibitions of the Academy and even received the Big Gold Medal for his work “The agents of Dmitry the Pretender kill the son of Boris Godunov.”
In 1862, Makovsky began to look for his way in art, since academicism seemed to him dull and outdated.
The way in art
Konstantin Makovsky (paintings, biographyartist presented in our article) is looking for his style, wants to express his inner world. In 1863, he, along with other thirteen artists selected for participation in the competition for the Grand Gold Medal of the Academy of Arts, refuses to paint a picture on the topic approved by the academicians.
He had to leave school, andMakovsky could not get a diploma of education. This event became known as the "riot of fourteen." The protest was that the artists wanted to get freedom and write a work on a free theme, but the Academy did not want to meet them. In fact, it was a revolt against the shackles of academicism and was a sign of the emerging new school of realism, in which Konstantin Makovsky would play a prominent role.
In 1863, the artist joins the group I.Kramskoy and works in the emerging genre of everyday painting. In 1870, Makovsky became one of the initiators and ideological inspirers of the creation of the Association of Traveling Artists and worked a lot by describing scenes of everyday life.
He exhibited work as an academicexhibitions, and in the company with peredvizhniki. In the 1980s, Makovsky became a very popular author of salon portraits and paintings on historical subjects. And in 1889 he received the Big Gold Medal at an art exhibition in Paris for a series of works.
The object of Makovsky's brush were historicalscenes, the life of the people, life. With love and ethnographic accuracy, he writes out the costumes and decor of the characters. In the late 80s, the artist increasingly turned to historical subjects, wrote large detailed pictures, for example, “Boyarsky wedding feast in the XVII century”, which are very popular with the public and with critics. They also created a lot of portraits of various people.
Creative heritage of Konstantin MakovskyIt has about a hundred paintings, among them a lot of large, epic paintings (today they are dispersed in private and museum collections around the world). In addition, he participated in the design of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow.
Collector
Konstantin Makovsky, whose paintings are noware the object of attention of collectors, he himself was a big collector. He inherited this passion from his father, who loved a wide variety of art and antiquities.
The idea of the collection was formulated by the artist inwords: "beautiful old". Carried away by historical subjects, he collected various utensils and furnishings, costumes, as well as everything that attracted the artist’s sophisticated taste.
В период увлечения крестьянской темой, Маковский travels a lot in the Russian hinterland, mean household items and clothing. Journey to the East has added to the collection a large number of items of Eastern life, carpets, jewelry and costumes. As a result, by the 80s, the apartment of the artist was more like a museum than a person’s dwelling.
Предметы коллекции часто служили основой для create paintings. Thus, in the work “Boyarsky wedding feast in the 17th century,” critics note the minutest coincidence of details with the historical costume and decor of the time. By the beginning of the XX century. Makovsky was one of the largest collectors in Russia, and his activities led to the craze for collecting among Bohemians and the bourgeois.
Konstantin Egorovich was very proud of hismeeting, with pleasure he showed and gave things for various exhibitions. After the artist’s death, an auction was held, with 1,100 items put up, as a result of which the widow helped out more than half a million rubles, and things went into collections of private individuals and museums. But, unfortunately, the integrity of the assembly was broken, and Makovsky's many years of work went to pieces.
Best work
Konstantin Makovsky, best pictures, biography,which has just become the object of study of art historians, left a great legacy. Among his most famous works are the Death of Ivan the Terrible, the Feast of the Boyar Morozov, the Bulgarian Martyrs, the Minin at the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, the Choice of a Bride by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
Private life of the artist
Konstantin Makovsky traveled a lot,lived for some time in Paris, visited Africa three times, and all this enriched his work, in which you can find the features of the emerging modernism. For his artistic achievements, Makovsky was awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor and St. Anne.
The artist was married three times. The first wife died of tuberculosis, and the second he divorced. In total, he had nine children, among whom were artists and cultural figures.
September 30 in the new style of 1915 tramknocked down a man - so ended his journey Konstantin Makovsky. The life and work of the artist remained in the history of Russian painting as an important page of the formation of realism.
