In the past two centuries, the history of the game of chessgave the world a huge number of great names. But among them it is still possible to distinguish those who can be called the greatest geniuses. In total, the greatest chess players - three. This is Garry Kasparov, Bobby Fisher, Paul Morphy.
Garry Kasparov: biography and first successes
Garry Kasparov is the greatest genius of the game of chess. Being the thirteenth world champion, he left his career in its very prime. But so far, the world's best chess players imitate the ideal of his game.
Kasparov was born in an educated family in Baku in1963 His parents, both father and mother, were engineers. No one knows at what age Harry first became interested in chess. Only one case is credible - when the boy was five years old, he suggested to the father a solution to the etude that was published in the newspaper. Drawing attention to the ability of their child, the parents decided to give it to the chess section.
Getting the title of champion
During the first year of study, Harry has already becomethe owner of the first category in chess. At the same time, Harry is sent as a member of the Azerbaijani national team in Vilnius. There, the future best chess player in the world meets his future coach, mentor and friend Alexander Nikitin. On the advice of Nikitin, Kasparov begins his studies at the Botvinnik correspondence chess school and very soon becomes an assistant patriarch of the chess game.
In 1974, thanks to the efforts of his mother, Harrygets a new surname (his surname at birth was Weinstein), and even nationality. In 1975, Kasparov occupies a leading position in the Soviet youth championship in chess. In 1980, he first received the title of grandmaster. In 1984, the great opposition of two giants of a chess game, Garry Kasparov and Anatoly Karpov, begins. The fight for the championship ended in 1985 with the assignment of Kasparov the title of the 13th chess champion.
Paul Morphy: The Early Years
The ranking of the best chess players in the world always includesfourth champion - Paul Morphy. He was born in New Orleans, in a fairly wealthy family. From an early age, his memory surprised many adults. For example, lawyers entering the house were amazed that young Paul knew by heart all the laws of the Louisiana Civil Code. His uncle was considered one of the most serious chess players in the city. Nobody taught the child the rules of the game - he mastered this art on his own. Already at the age of 10, Paul Morphy became one of the best in New Orleans.
Getting the championship title
The beginning of the chess career of Paul Morphy was laidat the International Chess Tournament in London. At the age of 20 he became the best chess player in America, beating all his rivals. Out of a hundred games, he lost only 5 - and of those whom he won were the best chess players in the world. In the entire history of a chess game, there was no such grandmaster who would be like Morphy in style of play. He was distinguished by speed, forethought and aggressiveness.
The most scandalous chess player in history: Bobby Fisher
The eleventh world chess champion isAmerican Bobby Fisher. He was born in Chicago in 1943. The mother of the future chess player was a Jew who lived in Switzerland. Father - a German biologist who moved from the Soviet Union to Chile.
Bobby Fisher, in addition to his championship, is known forand unusual sayings. For example, as a teenager, he argued that school was an absolutely pointless place and women should not work there because of their stupidity. Generally, despite the fact that Fisher and the other best chess players in the world are on the same list, this genius is considered to be one of the most beloved and most despised.
Unusual abilities manifested in childhood
Fisher has been playing chess since he was six.The child was so carried away by the chess game that he stopped communicating with children of his age, arguing that among them he could not find a worthy partner for the game. The mother initially decided to go to a psychiatrist, but he reassured the woman, saying that chess is a good hobby and there is nothing dangerous in the child’s behavior. Mother started looking for a partner for the boy to play through newspaper ads, but could not find anyone. Later, Bobby Fisher called chess his "second self."
The most famous duel
In 1972, the most famous tournament took place.Fisher - with Soviet chess player Boris Spassky. The competition was held in Reykjavik. There Fisher won 21 victories and received the title of champion. Later, however, Fisher for some reason rejected the offer to compete with Anatoly Karpov, and after that for twenty years led a reclusive life.
Bobby Fisher's Strange Desires
Repeatedly he spoke negatively aboutdifferent countries: something about Russia, about Iceland, then about the United States. Fisher was on a short leg with representatives of the most diverse marginal groups - for example, with preachers of various sects, as well as with the mob. Fisher also tried to leave behind him an offspring that would have identical genes with him - so that his gift could be inherited.
The best chess players of the world. Who can they lose?
So the fate of some of the mostoutstanding chess geniuses. However, this is not a complete list. The top 10 chess players in the world today are Carlsen Magnus, Vladimir Kramnik, Aronian Levon, Teymur Rajabov and others. To calculate the strength of a chess player, use the so-called Elo rating system. It was developed by the American scientist Arpad Elo. Until 1989, the first line of this rating was occupied by Bobby Fisher, after - Garry Kasparov.
What about a duel with a computer?
It is interesting that even the best chess players of the world for allThe story can now be beaten by computer. The first such duel took place in 1996, when Garry Kasparov lost to the Deep Blue supercomputer, which could evaluate about 200 million positions in one second. However, in the second game Kasparov took revenge from the computer. And then, after two draws, the next two were won by him.
