Autumn fertilization in the soil allowsSignificantly increase the yield, but this is not the whole complex of activities that the soil requires. Preparation is divided into several stages, performing which you can achieve amazing results throughout the subsequent period.
Autumn soil preparation
By cultivating the land in autumn, you can significantlyincrease yields. It is only necessary to carry out all the steps in strict sequence. Work should begin immediately after harvesting all the vegetables: in late September - early October. It is important to start it before the onset of cold weather and before the onset of the autumn rains. Immediately after harvesting tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, it is necessary to loosen the ground with a rake. This will allow weed seeds to germinate.
After two weeks of loosening, whenthere will be shoots of weeds, the earth needs to be dug over. During the execution of this process, the bear and many other pests are being destroyed. Do not be afraid of young overgrown grass. Many species of weeds are completely destroyed when the upper part of the plant is destroyed. When cleaning the soil surface in the fall, many pathogens and pests die. Preparation during this period is especially important. Dig the soil to the depth of the fertile layer (20-25 cm), trying to keep the barren layer from reaching the surface.
But if the earth contains a large amount of clayor the plot was launched and a large number of weeds grew on it; not digging could be done both in autumn and in spring. Of course, if you want to have a rich harvest!
Clods of earth formed after diggingin the fall, do not break. The soil left in this form for the winter is better saturated with air, less compacted. During the winter frosts, lumps of earth freeze, destroying the remaining larvae, pests, pathogens and root system of weeds.
Fertile soil: preparation
Soil in which there is a large numberearthworms are considered more fertile due to the fact that these creatures saturate it with humus. If the top layer does not have a continuous cover of weeds, then the earth can not dig up, it is quite enough loosening. Sometimes such a plot is sown in autumn with winter rye. This prevents the leaching of nutrients from the upper layer and creates favorable conditions for the formation of humus.
Spring soil preparation
On loose soil that was dug up in the fall,in the spring the snow melts much faster, therefore, you can start the season earlier. The clods, breaking up into small fractions, freely pass water. As a result, loose and fertilized soil is formed. Preparation in early spring does not take much time - it will only need to grind large lumps, and you can start planting plants. It is better to do this after the earth dries out and begins to lag free from the surface of the spade.
Greenhouse: maintenance of the soil
If there is a greenhouse on the dacha,There are a number of activities that should be done in the fall. Since the air in the greenhouse is warm and rather humid, it creates certain conditions for the development of various microorganisms - pathogens. Soil preparation in the greenhouse should be done in the fall, because this time is the best way to clean unwanted pests.
First you need to remove all residual tops andweeds, and then disinfect the soil. For this purpose, copper sulphate is used (one tablespoon per ten liters of water), which must be applied to the soil. Such procedures should be carried out with great care, and if there is not enough experience, it is better to use another method. To do this, you need to remove the top layer of earth (5-6 cm) and move it outside the greenhouse. This allows you to get rid of weed seeds, larvae and other pests. And then add the missing layer with manure, compost, sand and leaves of trees. After that, the soil is dug up, thus evenly mixing with fertilizers.
On the walls of the greenhouse, as a rule, there is a multiplication of all kinds of fungi and mold. To get rid of them, it is necessary to fumigate with sulfur.
How to get a good harvest of strawberries
Preparing the soil for planting strawberries includesyourself site selection and soil treatment. Fans of this berry should know that in a sandy area such a culture will grow poorly, as it has an upper root system, which in summer will simply overheat and dry out. On a land in which there is a lot of clay, it is also problematic to get a good harvest, since the roots will not have enough oxygen. The quality of the soil can be improved by adding humus. Better for strawberries to prepare the beds, whose height is 10 centimeters, and the distance between them - up to half a meter.
Preparing the soil for strawberries in August
This berry grows in one place up to 4 years,therefore, land preparation may require some effort. Immediately you should get rid of all the weeds, because after planting weeding will have to spend a lot of effort. Having decided on the place, it is necessary to dig up the soil and carefully select all the roots. It should be borne in mind that this berry is sun-loving, and in the shade of trees you can not count on the harvest.
Soil preparation, namely the selection of all weeds -rather tedious process. The same problem can be solved by applying herbicides ("Tornado", "Hurricane"). After spraying, after 10 days, the area is dug up, and dead plants are removed with the help of a rake. Then they fertilize the land and start planting seedlings. Preparation of soil for strawberries in August, followed by planting Allows next year to get the first harvest.
Crop rotation when planting strawberries
When alternating on the plotcrops are maintained to maintain the fertility of the land. Also significantly reduced the number of pests and the likelihood of disease. With many years of cultivation in the same place of the same crops, the soil is “tired”, the yield is reduced. Each plant species is affected by certain diseases. Growing in one place leads to the accumulation of pathogens and a powerful defeat of the planted crops.
Therefore, preparing the soil for strawberries shouldbased on what grew up in this area before. It is not recommended to plant this berry after potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants and cabbage. The most favorable place where grew carrots, onions, peas, garlic, beets.
Cooking plot for raspberries
Going to plant a raspberry, please note that it is necessarychoose the right plot. After all, this plant forms many shoots, loves fertile land and sunlight. It is not advisable to plant berries in open, windy, low and wet areas, as well as between rows of trees. The most successful will be the location along the fence.
Due to the fact that raspberries are pretty strongit depletes the soil and can grow in one place for up to ten years, before planting it is necessary to fertilize the soil well. Organic fertilizers that can be mixed with compost and ash have a good effect. Soil preparation in the fall is the best option. First, they dig it up and remove the roots of weeds, then evenly spread it over the surface of the fertilizer and then dig it again.
The required amount of feed substancesdepends on the soil. If the plot is poor, then it is necessary to add 10 kg of organic matter for each square meter, as well as 30 g of phosphate and potash fertilizers. In a fertile soil should be added 10 kg of organic fertilizers and 20 g of phosphate and potash. Raspberries are planted in spring.
Planting raspberries in the same place: features
If you need to remove the former bushes of plants andland a new one, then preparation will take much longer. First, remove the old bushes and fertilize the soil. In the next two years, it is necessary to plant various vegetables on this site: beets, carrots, cucumbers, onions, radishes. In the year of planting, they also plant crops that clean early (lettuce, dill, onion), and then prepare the ground. It is on this ground that raspberries will grow most effectively. Soil preparation and proper crop rotation provide a good harvest for ten years.
Autumn land preparation - the key to a good potato harvest
For a good harvest of this croprequires loose earth. For this, it is necessary to dig a lot deep in the fall. It is better to do it in the middle of September - the end of October. Large clods of earth should not be crushed. During the winter frosts, the pest larvae will be destroyed, and the earth will acquire the necessary looseness, which will provide optimal conditions for the development of potatoes. In the spring, fertilizers should be applied to the plot and, using a rake, put them into the ground, and the surface will be leveled, the lumps of soil remaining after the winter will be crushed.
Если посадка проводится в слишком влажную землю, This reduces its looseness and increases the likelihood of nutrient loss. During potato growth, air intake also needs to be supported by hilling.
Autumn - planting time of garlic
Autumn time is not only characterized by preparing the soil for the next season - this is the most favorable time for planting garlic and onions. The main advantages of sowing for the winter:
- plants in winter hardened naturally;
- Earlier harvest.
The optimal landing time is mid-October, but before the first frost. Such a time ensures that in case of a short-term warming, garlic does not begin to grow prematurely.
Soil preparation should be started one month beforeplanned landing and include all necessary activities. First, fertilizer (humus and ash) should be applied, and then the earth should be dug up. After 30 days you can start sowing.
Selecting the landing site
It is important to choose the right landing site.It is impossible to plant onions and garlic in the same area every year. The most favorable is the place after legumes, solanaceous, cabbage. Autumn planting ensures the formation of a strong root system; for this, the depth should not exceed 5 cm. Also, do not strongly push the bulbs or teeth into the ground.
Autumn preparation of beds for cucumbers
Every gardener knows that spring work onthe plot is quite a lot, so the autumn soil preparation allows to simplify the task. Cucumbers are very demanding of humidity and temperature. Therefore, choosing a site, it is necessary to take into account all the nuances.
The first stage of land preparation includes processingfrom possible diseases. For this, it is necessary to “sanitize” the soil with copper sulphate, the concentration of which should be one tablespoon per 10 liters of water. A week after that, compost is introduced into the ground and buried. In the fall, you can use nevyzrevysh compost. Good results are obtained by applying manure. The most optimal for growing cucumbers are soils containing sand and characterized by high acidity.
При выборе участка необходимо учитывать crop rotation. The best option is considered if before that tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage, and onions grew in the beds. It is not necessary to plant cucumbers after zucchini, watermelons, pumpkins. This is due to the fact that these plants take the same nutrients from the soil, as well as the same diseases and pests. The site prepared in the autumn needs to be loosened. Before planting seedlings or seeds into the ground, weeds should be removed regularly. The soil, the preparation of which is the main condition for a bountiful harvest, should be generously fertilized and loosened. The implementation of these simple rules, as well as the observance of crop rotation allows you to maintain an exemplary garden, even for beginners.
