The use of a pile foundation allows to erect buildings even in difficult conditions, which are characterized by weak soils, high groundwater levels, as well as harsh climates.
Need to use
In some cases, this base is used.when a difficult terrain can significantly complicate the task of construction. If you have chosen a pile foundation, you must necessarily calculate the number of piles before the start of work. By using this technology, you can also achieve solid soils, which will minimize the impact of these factors and lead to an increase in the reliability and durability of the building. Piling of the pile foundation can be done using a grillage, which will be described below.
Types of pile foundations by type of piles
The supports under the building can be divided into differenttypes, guided by certain parameters. For example, depending on the method, you can select driven piles as a material. Wood or metal is used, reinforced concrete may be used in addition. Such piles should be driven into the soil with the help of special equipment, namely hammers or vibration compressors. This indicates that there is no need to remove the soil to the surface. If you decide to build a pile foundation, the calculation of the number of piles will allow you to build a high-quality building that will last for a long time.
Pile shell
You can select reinforced concrete piles,which are created when extracting excess soil, and then completely filled with concrete mix. The ramming type of piles is equipped with the help of soil compression, after that concrete is laid into the resulting cavity, which is to be tamped down, pouring it in layers. Warming of the pile foundation, as a rule, is not performed.
Types of pile foundation according to the type of bearing loads and types of reinforced concrete supports
Considering the pile foundation, it is worth notingwhat is its separation by types of supports, which is based on load bearing loads. There are piles-racks that transmit the tension to the soil completely, the load turns out to be a construction. Hanging piles, which exert a load on the soil with lateral faces, can also be distinguished.
In addition to the generally accepted classification, there are severalvarieties of reinforced concrete drive supports, which may differ in the shape of the section, so they can be rectangular, I-beam, square, with a circular plane, square, and also semicircular. You can distinguish the pile foundation and method of forming the support, as well as the configuration of the performance. This allows you to create a one-piece design support, as well as composed of individual elements. Piles may have a different end, the shape may be pointed, with an expanded sole, located on the underside, and also open or closed completely. If you want to make it easier and faster to drive into the soil, then you need to choose pointed, extended soles, they will not allow the elements to give in to the forces that act on the gap during the cold season, as there is a possibility of pushing the pillars.
What other types of pile foundation are there?
Considering the types of pile foundation, you shouldpay attention to what number of supports will be involved in construction. It is important to take into account the severity of the object and the configuration of the building; according to these parameters, types of pile supports are distinguished. Among other things, single piles should be singled out, which are used in cases when there is a need to transfer the load from a small construction area, this is true when there are columns in the house design. Quite often this option is used when the pile itself acts as a column. If you decide to use a pile foundation, the calculation of the number of piles should be made by you. This task can be entrusted to specialists. This base is used when it is planned to build a lengthy structure or mount supports around the perimeter of the building. If you use the so-called pile bushes, then the load will be taken by several supports, which are concentrated under one element of the building. It can be about the same column. You can use a pile field, this project assumes the system location of the supports on the area of the building base. As a rule, such a solution is used in cases where the building will be heavy and large. Types of pile foundations from piles, regardless of their classification, are most often used along with the grillage. It is a team or monolithic structure, which is designed to combine the installed supports.
Variety of pile foundation with a grillage
Pile foundation whose construction cancontain a grillage, sometimes low. It is equipped below the ground surface, while it remains possible to distribute the load transmitted by the building across the base area. The second type of this base is increased, which is located above the ground surface, excluding the possibility of voltage transfer to the soil. The high foundation is used in the construction of hydraulic structures and bridges in cases where an underground building is planned in a residential building. The main feature of the grillage is the need to combine the concrete structure with piles. Such works are carried out by reinforcement. At the moment when steel rods are laid in the wells under the supports, their length should be greater than the length of the supports. This will allow the construction of the grillage to form a monolithic structure.
Pile foundation design
After you've reviewed the types of pilesfoundations, it is worth getting acquainted with the design of this base. The system consists of wells, as well as waterproofing, which is based on roofing felt. From this material are rolled pipes, which should consist of several layers. They are braced with steel wire, which will be part of the formwork. Warming of the pile foundation is impossible or very difficult. During construction, the pipe is inserted into the well. After the well is waterproofed, it is recommended to make a spatial reinforcement cage. It will consist of vertical bars of reinforcement, which are fixed between themselves by crossbars. After that, the ready wells, in which roofing material is installed, which serves as formwork and waterproofing, are filled with concrete.
Simple calculation of the required number of piles
If you decide to build a pile foundation, the calculationThe number of piles can be produced by a specialist. This number will depend on the weight and size of the building, on average, the distance between the supports should be as follows. If we are talking about a wooden house, then the step between the piles should be equal to three meters. Here it is necessary to take into account the frame-panel, log-frame houses and those that are built of timber. If you build a house of aerated concrete, cinder blocks and foam concrete, the distance should not be more than 2 meters. For light fences, the pitch between the supports can vary from 3 to 3.5 meters. If the wind load is impressive, then the distance is reduced to 2.5 m. Before building a pile foundation, the calculation of the number of piles must be made. To do this, take the scheme of the foundation or first floor of the building. Initially, the master must arrange the piles in the corners of the building. Why it is necessary to arrange piles in those places where internal and external walls, and also the bearing partitions join. The pile-screw foundation, the calculation of the number of piles of which you can carry out independently, implies the drawing up of a plan. Between the located piles, it is necessary to note the position of the supports under the inner and outer walls so that the step between them does not turn out to be more than that defined above, depending on the weight and type of the house. The rest of the space must be filled with supports in such a way that the distance between the nearest piles is not more than the calculated one, namely 2 and 3 meters.
Conclusion
Among other things, the installation of a pile foundation shouldassume the presence of two supports in the place where the fireplace or stove will be located. The final number of piles will depend on the dimensions of the heater.
