Traditional arrangements for the organization of heatinginfrastructures are not uncontested. New technological approaches to laying communications are energy efficient and able to provide autonomy. According to such principles, in particular, the roof boiler room is implemented. In an apartment building, it allows you to optimize heat loss, increasing energy savings by 25-30%. Of course, there are drawbacks to this solution, which are expressed both in the complexities of technical execution and in the strict requirements of the regulatory rules.
The concept of autonomous roof boiler
The roof heating system is organized incorresponding technical room, located on the topmost or one of the top floors. Often, for such purposes, special facilities are constructed and hozbloki, designed specifically for the needs of the placement of heating equipment. From the boiler room, communication circuits are distributed throughout the house, heating apartments. These may be the same piping as in the case of traditional hot water supply. Another thing is that the length of these lines will be less. Since the autonomous roof boiler house is not tied to the main supply network, its management is fully concentrated in the building itself, which facilitates maintenance. But this does not at all exclude the need to connect with centralized sources of fuel or electricity. The nature of the performance of this part will depend on the type of equipment, performance and other operational characteristics.
Types of roof boiler
There are several classifications of roof boiler rooms,determined by the principle of work, and technical design features. First of all, it is worth emphasizing the popularity of gas equipment, an alternative to which are only electric models of boilers. Using gas is economical and easy to maintain. As for electric units, on the contrary, they are characterized by high costs, but at the same time they eliminate the need for leading the gas pipeline. There is a security nuance. The fact is that the roof gas boiler room in an apartment building must be carefully guarded by security systems, as a rule, automatic and involving the possibility of self-diagnosis by means of sensors. Solid fuel boilers to use on the upper floors is not rational because of technical difficulties with the organization of the delivery of coal and firewood. Another sign of separation involves the classification of integrated and block-modular boilers. These two types should be considered separately.
Built-in boiler rooms
The main distinguishing feature of the built-in orstationary boiler room is a technical and structural conformity to the building itself. That is, the room with its composite components is similar to building structures that form the house itself. If the building is made of panels or bricks, then the room for the boiler room is performed in the same way. In a sense, this is the very technical room, only focused specifically on the needs of heating. Another sign may be the fact that the project of the house itself, in which the autonomous roof boiler is installed, provided for such a possibility. This could be manifested in the calculation of the bearing capacity of the walls, in the choice of insulating materials, and in the creation of circuits for the same gasification. Not to mention that the designers could deliberately refuse to introduce the pipeline into the walls for one reason or another and relied on the reinforcement of the upper floor.
Modular boiler rooms
This is a type of lightweight boiler that is notbelong to capital technical constructions. The block-modular design consists of thin metal panels, which are additionally reinforced by core elements, technological fins and corners. From the inside, the modular roof boiler room is thoroughly finished with steam, heat and waterproofing materials with the presence of a fire protection layer. A chimney, which also has a lightweight construction, is integrated for the output of the burnout products.
The advantages of block-modular objects includeease of construction, versatility in operation and the ability to quickly dismantle. Initially, materials for such premises are supplied in the form of sets that have everything necessary for the operation of the heating system. If a roofed boiler room is required in an apartment building, the project of which was not designed for construction on the upper floor, the modular option would be optimal.
Normative requirements of SNiP for design
Regardless of the choice of type of construction boilerthe developers of its project should rely on the requirements of the SNiP. For this purpose, there is a whole section of the rules II-35-76, which applies to the general standards for the design of boiler rooms, as well as supplement P 1-03, dedicated specifically to roof structures. The technical solution should, in particular, comply with the following rules:
- Walls and engineering structures must not directly mate with the walls of residential premises.
- In multi-storey buildings, the construction of roof boiler houses should not be carried out on the ceilings of residential premises.
- Autonomous signaling should be provided in the control system.
- The height of the chimney is not less than 50 cm relative to the highest point of the building.
Also mandatory technicalthe rooms reserved for boiler rooms must initially be ventilated. This already applies to fire safety measures when it comes to the operation of gas equipment.
SNiP requirements for equipment power
Operation of thermal units in the composition of residentialhouses as such implies observance of strict restrictions. And this is especially true of objects placed on roofs. In particular, the roof boiler house in an apartment building cannot contain heating stations with a total capacity of about 3 MW. In addition, even if the capacity is less than the above value, another restrictive bar should be taken into account regarding the total heat demand of the building. Equipment should not operate at facilities that are 15% higher than the demands of all consumers at home in the aggregate.
There are limitations due tothe design of the room itself. Inside the process unit, the equipment must be located at a point that allows the operator free access to all functional parts. At the same time, the construction of roof boiler rooms should not affect the construction of the house itself. That is, the project should not involve a change in the structure of the roofing pie. In the extreme case, the laying of additional technological layers of the insulator is allowed.
Requirements for gas supply
Separately, there is a set of rules (SP),focused on ensuring safety rules in the operation of gas communications. In the operating mode, the gas supply circuit must not experience a pressure load of more than 5 kPa. As noted in the same joint venture, roof boilers should be supplied with gas only from the circuit, conducted on the outer wall and not having additional tie-ins. That is, the gas pipeline for the heating system is purposefully focused only on the needs of boiler equipment.
In some cases, laying is allowed.gas pipeline on the roof, it is realized only in the open form without protection by gratings and other structures that prevent access to the pipe. Also, the roof gas boiler room in an apartment building is supplied with a full set of technological fittings. These include shut-off valves, purge channels, and leak sensors.
Requirements for electrification of boiler rooms
Electrical infrastructure is not appliedonly for electric-powered boilers, but also for gas units. In the first case, the developers should include a second-level energy protection class. It must comply with heating equipment, connections and related communications. Regardless of the type of fuel used, the roof boiler room of a residential building should be provided with lightning protection and provide for grounding. Illumination is provided by sealed lamps, the body of which has a metal grid.
Positive feedback on the roof boiler
Most positive feedback about boilersThis type is based on optimization. The lack of additional communication channels, reduction in the cost of building individual buildings and, ultimately, simplified maintenance - all this undoubtedly creates only a positive impression. In addition, the roof boiler house of a residential building provides significant savings in energy costs already in operation. In most cases, this aspect becomes the decisive factor in favor of such a choice.
Negative feedback
Organizations that have experience with roofboilers, note the complexity of the design, due to severe restrictions. First of all, it is connected with the structural and power frames in which the roof boiler room should be equipped in an apartment building. Reviews indicate the fact that traditional ground objects can be constructed on the basis of equipment of almost any capacity. Roof heating points, in turn, do not allow even traditional solid fuel units to be used.
Another group of disadvantages is associated with highrequirements for the provision of protective measures. For example, a roof boiler room in an apartment building should have a modern automatic control system and a wide range of devices that are activated when emergency modes are fixed.
Conclusion
For a variety of parameters and operationalfeatures we can conclude that the roof method of placement of heating equipment is the most promising. Moreover, the shortcomings of this solution are now resolved by modern technologies - this also applies to compact dimensions and the introduction of automation. The only significant obstacle for organizations that the roof gas boiler room in an apartment building becomes unavailable is the price, which averages 2-3 million rubles. This is the cost of a modular unit with a typical boiler. In addition, it is worth adding the payment for the services of designers, installers and service engineers, as a result of which the price tag will rise by another 1 million.
