The geodetic control is aan ordered system of measurements and calculations, allowing to check the correctness of key geometric parameters in the construction process. The main purpose of these measures is to ensure all the necessary tolerances and standards specified in the project documentation.
Features of the procedure
The object of control may be not onlybuildings, but also engineering facilities or communications. This means that the verification procedure is designed to ensure the proper quality of all construction and installation works. Geodetic control is performed during construction activities and implies compliance with such parameters:
- accuracy of placement of structures, their slopes and geometric parameters;
- correct location of all elements of the concrete foundation during installation;
- Correspondence of load-bearing elements, such as columns and blocks, to the requirements of technical documentation.
How is the process going?
The above characteristics are monitoredmethod of calculating the axes of buildings and structures with respect to special centering boundaries. For this purpose, the engineering service carries out placement of special marks and benchmarks on the monitored object. Then the distance between them is measured by high-precision instruments. The received values are marked in the logs, the information of which then forms the basis of the reports. The documentation obtained by this method makes it possible to prevent possible errors in the construction of buildings.
When performing geodetic workequipment of narrow directivity, high-precision measuring instruments and specialized methods of calculation. Such measures allow to accurately control the condition of all building structures and parts.
Ways
By type of work, geodetic controlcan be divided into 2 types: continuous and local. The first method involves daily monitoring of the necessary geometric parameters of the building, and the constant presence of specialists on the object under study. This option perfectly shows itself on large-scale objects, such as stadiums and large shopping complexes, when the volume of ongoing work requires permanent observation.
Local geodetic control of structuresmeans measuring the current parameters of the desired objects on the site. Such an option would be appropriate for an insignificant amount of construction work, since it allows to provide the necessary quality of measurements without attracting extra funds.
Stages of the process
Geodetic control in construction assumes the following features:
- Construction is accompanied by 2 steps of work.The first is called operational control and is implemented by the building contractor. The second is selective control carried out by the contracting authority in the acceptance process of the finished structure or at one of the stages of erection.
- The results recorded in the operational control process should be displayed in the general work log, with a mandatory indication of the number of deviations from the dimensions that are reflected in the project.
- The geodetic control system assumesMonitoring the accuracy of pouring concrete foundations. The process of concreting is preceded by the inspection of all elements of the formwork and reinforcement. Measurement of the interaxial distances of the shield surfaces is performed by a scheduled test; The altitude position is controlled by the leveling process.
- The inspection of the execution of the glass foundations passes along the axial lines fixed on the terrain. The control is performed by arranging the centering axis with respect to the lines scheduled in advance.
- Correspondence of the building foundation to normsquality is recorded in a document that is signed by a representative of technical supervision on the one hand, and an employee of the assembly company on the other. To the drawn up act, schemes of the arrangement of elements are used, with the help of which control is carried out.
- The process of erecting columns is necessarily preceded by an instrumental analysis of compliance with the draft high-altitude provisions. The columns are checked by lateral and horizontal leveling.
- During the installation of the units,control their vertical and planned deployment. The planned position is determined by aligning the axes of the blocks with the axes of the building walls. Vertical blocks are checked using a plumb or level.
Control of high-rise construction
High-altitude objects during geodetic surveycontrol are a separate category. Errors made in the construction of such structures can lead to serious consequences. Deformations of buildings can be caused by design failures, natural influences and ground state influence. Work to monitor deformation processes is an important part of the overall security system used in the design.
The organization of geodetic control is conductedin such a way that already at the stage of designing a high-rise building, there is control over the work performed. In the process of construction, engineers of the geodetic service ensure compliance with design documentation. Intervention of specialists is also required in the course of capital repairs of the structure, as well as the work to strengthen the foundation. The control technique in this case is based not only on technical, but also on geological features of the site.
Geodetic work in the construction of high-risestructures are carried out exclusively by organizations with special permits. Specialists of such companies should be specially certified for the implementation of relevant activities. It should also be borne in mind that a high-altitude structure usually requires an individual system of geodetic monitoring.
Compliance with quality standards
In the construction of buildings and structures issuequality is given increased attention. All operations performed in violation of standards are necessarily subject to alteration. The first stage of quality control is the entrance control. Such a check passes all the materials that come to the construction site. The control shows the compliance of purchases with the requirements of technical documentation, and the availability of the necessary certificates. Also, incoming inspection detects defects received during transportation.
The second stage of the audit is called operationalcontrol. Its purpose is to find and eliminate inconsistencies in the course of the construction process. First of all, the compliance of the quality of work with the existing project and instructions is determined. This verification is subjected to the whole process of work, up to the unloading and storage of materials.
Supervisory activities
An important role in the process of checking geometricgeodetic quality control. The process consists of checking the plan's initial data, monitoring the position during the installation, and analyzing the characteristics of the finished structure. In the course of construction, the bearing and enclosing elements of structures are also inspected. Data collection using geodetic instruments is carried out only for those parts of buildings whose geometry accuracy affects the correct installation of other structures.
Acceptance of works
The acceptance process for the finished building is based on the approved project of works. Before delivery it is necessary to prepare the following documentation:
- drawings of finished structures;
- Certificates and passports for reinforced concrete products;
- documents confirming the quality of consumables used for installation, such as electrodes and fasteners;
- laboratory analysis of welded joints;
- certificates confirming the qualification of the working staff;
- results of geodetic measurements;
- documents for installation and welding work.
Approximately half of the accidents and problems withThe operation of buildings is caused by disruptions in the construction process. Most of these defects are not immediately apparent, but in the process of exploitation. The primary task of geodetic control of buildings is the timely detection and prevention of defects in the construction process.
