Lightweight aggregate blocks in modernconstruction began to be used very often. This material has a relatively small weight, good strength, excellent thermal conductivity and low cost. However, taking into account certain features of such products, the question of how to choose a foundation for a house from claydite-concrete blocks is often asked by novice craftsmen and even experienced builders.
General information
For a start it is worth noting that these types of blockspractically no different from other piece materials with the same dimensions. They are laid on typical foundations, and only when using piles it is necessary to make certain additions to the structure. Therefore, in order to determine how to choose a foundation for a house of claydite-concrete blocks, it is worth considering all types of these systems and determine their characteristics for certain types of buildings.
Types of grounds
В современном строительстве существует три типа foundations that are used most often. They are great for working with this material and have a relatively low cost. However, if a foundation is created for a two-story house made of expanded clay concrete blocks, then it is worth considering this choice very carefully. Therefore, the following will be given their features, scope and methods of manufacture.
Slab Construction
This type of base is great forsmall buildings. It is very easy to make and at the same time the cost of construction will be minimal. However, it is very important to note the fact that such a foundation for a house from claydite-concrete blocks should be made only on stable ground. It is also necessary to understand that this type of construction is chosen for single-storey houses, and in manufacturing it means the absence of a basement room.
Manufacturing slab foundation
The process takes place in several stages:
- First you need to prepare the ground. For this place under the base is cleared and slightly deepen.
- At the next stage, the ground is being tamped down so that the foundation for a house made of expanded clay concrete blocks has a dense base.
- Then make a pillow of sand and rubble. It should not protrude beyond the edges of the recess.
- Next, install a small formwork and make fill over the entire area. Its height should be 10-15 cm.
- After the solution hardens, reinforcement is made on the surface using metal structures.
- At the final stage, the final casting of the screed is performed. It is possible to build on such a foundation only in a month, since this is the minimum time required for the concrete to fully cure.
Tape designs
It is believed that the strip foundation of the houseclaydite blocks the most reliable and practical. He is not afraid of the movement of the soil, temperature drops and other external influences that can not tolerate other structures. Moreover, this type of base allows you to create a basement that can be made warm. However, it is necessary to take into account the fact that for its manufacture it is necessary to plan large expenses and time.
It is worth noting that this type of foundation cancreate both from concrete and using special blocks. The choice of a particular material depends only on the personal preferences of the customer and his financial capabilities. However, if you plan to make a warm basement, then the use of blocks is more rational.
Manufacturing tape base
- To make a strip foundation for a house fromclay blocks, first you need to dig a trench around the perimeter of the future structure. Its depth should be not less than 80 cm. However, this parameter is best agreed with the architect at the design stage. It directly depends on the technical characteristics of the building.
- In some cases it is worthwhile to dig a trench and underinterroom partitions. If a stove or staircases will be installed indoors, then this should be done at the place of their subsequent installation.
- Next tamp the ground and fall asleep on the bottom of the layer of rubble with sand. It should be about 30 cm high.
- The next step is to protect the future.moisture resistant construction. To do this, on the walls of the trench lay out plastic film. Some builders for these purposes prefer to use roofing material or other materials based on bitumen.
- In order to foundation for a one-story house fromclay blocks was strong, should be reinforced. Metal structures are laid in a trench, tied with wire. Some specialists advise you to use welding for the bundle, but then the product will lose its elasticity.
- The next stage of the preparatory workinvolves the installation of formwork. Usually it is created in such a way that it rises above the ground to a height of about 10 cm. To do this, use sheets of plywood or boards.
- Foundation casting is performed using concrete. Usually used class B-15 or B – 20.
- After casting, the foundation must be held for at least 20 days until it is completely set.
Piles
This foundation for a one-story house fromclaydite blocks is considered one of the most practical. It is easy to build, the cost of construction is relatively small and right after installation you can start building the building. However, it should immediately be mentioned that there are many types of piles that are designed for a specific type of soil and the corresponding building structure.
You also need to remember that for mounting someTypes of this material may require special technique. Under houses from keramsit concrete, metal screw piles are usually chosen, which can be installed manually without resorting to the use of special equipment.
Special attention should be paid to the fact thatsuch a foundation may also allow the creation of a basement. However, this will require a special sewing around the perimeter with additional insulation.
Pile foundation manufacturing
- First of all, you need to determine the size of the foundation.houses of expanded clay blocks. For this, a special project is created, which is called a pile field. It shows the location of all the supports with the distance from each other.
- If the house is planning to install a stove or staircases, then in the places of their installation they also mount supports to create a separate foundation.
- The next step is to level the territory. This is done not only for the convenience of subsequent work, but also to determine the level of future surfaces.
- Next, you need to drill holes in the ground.on the places specified in the pile field. The depth is measured on the basis of the design features of the supports themselves, which is usually indicated in the operating instructions.
- Then, using a special tool, begin to install the piles themselves. They are screwed to a certain depth, which corresponds to the parameters of a particular product.
- Когда все сваи расположились на своих местах, you need to make them strapping. For these purposes, use a metal channel, which is welded around the perimeter of the structure and in the area of the location of partitions.
- Next, it is recommended to create a kind of armopoyas. To do this, make a small formwork, which is poured concrete. It is at this place and will need to install the blocks.
- Some masters recommend producingthe subsequent sewing of the base on all perimeter. It is best to use a flat slate or metal profile. If necessary, you can insulate the entire structure.
Advice and feedback from specialists
- Concrete and block foundations should be protected from moisture. To do this, not only the structure is applied special compositions or materials, but also make special drains.
- If you need to organize the entry of various communications into the house, which are supposed to be introduced through the foundation, then this should be done below the level of soil freezing.
- After creating the foundation, you need to create a waterproofing that will separate the structure from the masonry. For this it is better to use roofing felt or roofing felt.
- There are also other designs of the bases, but the options presented in the article, according to the builders, can be considered the most practical.
Conclusion
Based on the above material, you canto conclude that the choice of foundation for the house of claydite-concrete blocks should be based on the size of the structure. It is important to take into account the depth of soil freezing, its mobility and the climate component of a particular region. In some cases, the choice of base depends on the personal preferences of the user, since it is influenced by the presence of a basement room and installation sites in the house of heavy structures in the form of staircases or stoves.
