For finishing and roughing surfacesSandpaper is often used. Types of material have separate technical characteristics, different granularity, types of used abrasive.
What is the material?
Эластичный абразив на бумажной либо тканевой The basis, whose working surface is covered with a granular powder layer, is sandpaper. Types of this material are used in the processing of wood, metal, plastic, glass, and other common materials.
History of development
Согласно документированным сведениям, впервые sandpaper was used by Chinese masters in the XIII century. Grinding skins were made by fixing a mixture of sand, crushed plant seeds and shells with starch glue on a coarse leather base. Often as an abrasive for rough processing, small particles of broken glass were used.
The first serial issue of sandpaperwas realized in 1833, when a patent for the production of new products was issued to American entrepreneur Isaac Fischer from Springfield, Vermont.
Parallel to the development of technologyperfected and sandpaper. Since the beginning of the twentieth century in Europe, active developments have been conducted, during which the quality of individual abrasive materials was investigated. Subsequently, the results of the work served as the basis for the invention of moisture-resistant grinding skins. This type of sandpaper has made a small revolution in the automotive industry. In particular, with its help, the opportunity was opened for quick and thorough finishing of parts.
Application features
При обработке поверхностей с помощью абразивной Skin should follow some rules. In the course of repairing defects, it is first rational to resort to using the coarsest skins. Large grain size is suitable for roughing wood, removing obsolete paintwork, rust layer.
Fine abrasive paper is used in the final grinding stage, polishing of metallic, painted surfaces. For stripping plastic, the ideal option is a skin with a minimal grain size.
Today, masters are also available waterproofsandpaper, the use of which allows you to avoid the occurrence of an abundance of dust in the course of work. Thanks to wet grinding, the surfaces to be treated have the most smooth, extremely attractive texture.
Characteristics
Among the defining technical characteristics of abrasive skins, the following are distinguished:
- Base material.
- Grain indexes.
- The nature of the production bases that are used as grains.
Sandpaper - Types
Grinding skins are divided into individualvarieties, especially according to the base on which the abrasive is applied. The most common is paper-based products. This solution is particularly cheap and worthy of resistance to wear. Most of the products of this plan are water-repellent, and also provide an opportunity to apply the smallest grains.
Sandpaper on a fabric basis hashigh wear resistance. Thanks to the use of specialized resins, it is possible to impart moisture-proof qualities to it. In addition, the fabric backing makes the material extremely elastic.
Considering the question, what happens sandpaperpaper (material types), it is necessary to note the combined products. Such grinding skins differ in advantages, characteristic for both of the above options. Hence the high price of such products. With regard to use, combined abrasives are able to withstand increased mechanical stress.
Grain
According to the indicators of granularity, the following variants of sandpaper are distinguished:
- Coarse-grained - used for basic,roughing of materials, removal of impurities, paint, corrosion effects. Grinding with the use of abrasives of this category leaves deep enough, scratchy scratches on the surfaces.
- Medium-grained - used when necessaryintermediate processing of materials. Grinding of flexible surfaces with such paper, for example, natural wood, allows you to align and flatten the plane.
- Fine-grained - is an ideal tool for preparation of materials for processing paints and varnishes. Such a skin can easily remove small scratches and minor defects from the surfaces.
Type of abrasive
As abrasives in the manufacture of sandpaper, the following bases are used:
- Garnet - is a material of natural origin, which is the optimal solution for finishing natural wood.
- Silicon carbide is the most durable abrasive.Skins with sputtering from such grains are an indispensable tool for working on metal, plastic. Carbide abrasive is suitable for stripping painted surfaces, grinding fiberglass.
- Ceramics - skins with such a coating are used onstage of the formation of the basic texture of wood, as well as the elimination of severe defects. In other words, such an abrasive paper is used when performing rough work. Most often, the products of this plan can be found in the form of circular grinding bands, which are used for machining surfaces.
- Aluminum oxide - is particularly fragilestructure. When creating friction with surfaces, the abrasive forms new sharp edges. Therefore, skins of this kind have a truly impressive lifespan. Such sandpaper is used mainly in joinery and woodworking industry.
additional information
In addition to granularity, the following additional information may be indicated on the sandpaper packaging:
- Purpose - for processing metal surfaces or more pliable materials of low hardness.
- The parameters of the canvas are the length and width.
- The composition of the abrasive and its fraction.
- The nature of the glue base used to fix the abrasive (synthetics, amber varnish, formaldehyde resin, combined binder).
- The level of durability of the product.
Sandpaper - price
Сколько стоит абразивная шкурка на отечественном market? The price of fine-grained products on paper basis starts from about 30 rubles per running meter. The cost of a more durable emery cloth on the fabric backing is from 150-200 rubles per running meter and varies depending on the fraction and type of abrasive used.
Finally
Compared to other grinding tools,in particular, metal brushes, grinding wheels, sandpaper is a really cheap, affordable material for the widest consumer audience. Today, abrasive sandpaper is available in the form of strips, circles, sheets, tapes. All this contributes to its operation in various fields of activity, the performance of work manually and with the use of power tools.
