Sweet peppers - a popular vegetable, imported toThe European continent from South America. Like many others, adapted to the new climatic conditions, pepper is prone to diseases of various types: fungal, viral and bacterial.
Fungal diseases.
- 1.Obsequence is a disease of seedlings and seeds buried in the soil. It is caused by a number of fungal pathogens. Most often, the seeds do not germinate (they usually say "stalled"). Seedlings are infected with root system, and they die massively. Some infected plants can grow to an adult state, but in the future, under favorable conditions, the infection develops, the roots rot, and the plant must be discarded.
Rejection is typical for greenhouses and greenhouses, wherethe conditions of plant maintenance are far from optimal. As a rule, the temperature and irrigation regimes are not observed, and the plants are grown in a cold and waterlogged environment.
For prevention purposes,planting only a healthy and high-quality seed material, the soil before planting is disinfected with antifungal compounds, and avoid unnecessary watering and low temperatures in the greenhouses.
- 2.Sweet peppers can suffer from stem and root rot. Usually, the disease occurs in thickened plantings and on soils with poor drainage at high humidity of air and soil. Root rot of fungal origin is manifested in watery brown or black spots at the base of the stem, the plants gradually weaken and die. Stem rot occurs in places of damage or on the stem nodes, captures a fruitful pepper cup.
Among the preventive measures: seed dressing (for example, a solution of aloe juice with water 1: 1), disinfection of soils in greenhouses, observance of crop rotation and thinning of plantings.
- 3.Gray rot is a widespread disease of greenhouse crops grown in conditions of high humidity and poor air circulation. Mushroom spores penetrate the plant through micro-lesions and form olive-green ulcers, which gradually encircle the plants and cause their death.
The spread of infection inhibits frequentventilation of the greenhouse, lowering of humidity below 85%, antifungal treatment and removal of diseased plants. For small lesions, it is permissible not to discard the pepper, but sprinkle the center of gray rot with a mixture of copper sulfate and lime (in a 1: 2 ratio). It is also recommended to grow resistant varieties: for example, sweet pepper "Kakadu".
- 4. Dry rot most often develops in wet and hot weather. On the stems and leaves of the plant there are quite large concentric circles of brown color. Sweet peppers are gradually dying.
При появлении первых признаков требуется Treatment of plantings with medicated preparations. For the purpose of prevention, sustainable varieties of new breeding are recommended (for example, sweet pepper "Winnie the Pooh"), presowing seed treatment and observance of crop rotation.
Viral diseases.
Sweet peppers suffer from the same viralinfections, as tomatoes: a virus of ring (soft) spotting, tobacco mosaic, spotted wilting of tomatoes. By external signs, these diseases are difficult to distinguish from fungal or bacterial, and they are easier to prevent than to cure. For prevention, follow these tips:
- use only healthy, proven seeds;
- dress seeds before planting;
- discard weak or diseased seedlings;
- treat the seedlings every seven days with a solution of skim milk until bedding (for 10 liters of water - 1 liter of milk and 5 drops of iodine);
- Observe agricultural technology (sweet peppers shouldreceive the necessary amount of light, heat, moisture and nutrition), use drugs (growth stimulants, microelements) that increase the resistance of plants;
- Observe crop rotation (related Solanaceous cultures should be grown in the same place no more than once in 4 years).
Bacterial diseases.
To date, more than 80bacterial infections of cultivated plants, sweet peppers often have bacterial cancer, black bacterial spotting, mild bacterial decay and bacterial wilt. The source of infection is almost always the infected seeds or plant remains left over from last year. Prevention measures are the same as in viral diseases (except for milk treatment).
