All gardeners know that they grow potatoes -this is still half the battle. It is also necessary to provide all the conditions under which the storage of potatoes will save the entire crop. After harvesting the tubers, they are cleared of debris and soil and dried well. The premises in which the storage of potatoes takes place are disinfected with special solutions. The most commonly used solution of hydrated lime: it is prepared from 2.5 kg of quicklime, which is diluted in 10 liters of water. It is also advisable to fumigate the room with special swords intended for pest and disease control.
Потери урожая в значительной мере зависят от quality tubers. They must be completely healthy, intact, dry. Frozen frostbite, cut, moldy, rotten and sprouted tubers are not subject to storage. Potato storage technology includes regular check-ups and disinfection. Storage and ventilation equipment must be fully operational.
Картофель обычно закладывают на длительное storage after harvest. Within two weeks after being bookmarked, he goes through a kind of “quarantine” period. At this time, the tubers are kept at a temperature of +12 to +18 ° C and high air humidity of 85-90%. When this occurs, the healing of minor mechanical damage and strengthening the integumentary tissue of the tuber. Keep in mind: the lower the temperature in the room, the longer the healing process will last. After this period, the temperature in the storage should be gradually reduced.
Хранение картофеля зависит от множества факторов, among which, the air temperature, relative humidity, and the household use of potatoes (table, seed, starch, chips) should be particularly noted. The storage process begins with the establishment of the optimum temperature and lasts until the use or sale of potatoes.
Storage temperature set dependingfrom the destination of the potato. It can vary between +2 - +12 ° C. Also, relative humidity has a huge impact on the safety of potatoes. It should not be stored in excessive moisture. In such conditions, various diseases of tubers develop and losses increase. Potatoes vigorously germinate, which negatively affects the quality of the products.
Lower air humidity also degrades the quality of tubers, since they are intensified by drying and deterioration of food and seed properties.
Storing potatoes indoors is most often done in one of the following ways:
1. In bulk (maximum height of heaps - 5 m).
2. In the drawers (the most convenient way, allows you to mechanize all processes on an industrial scale). Boxes are installed on pallets, which ensures free air circulation.
3. In containers.
4. In bags (maximum storage height - 5 m).
An important condition for maintaining qualitypotato is active ventilation. The system of general ventilation exchange should ensure the normal flow of external air into the potato storage, as well as its partial and complete recirculation in the room. Air exchange is carried out with the help of a ventilation system: in the first week of storage - every day, and in the following weeks - every 3 days.
How to store potatoes ordinary gardeners?Gardeners store potatoes in small cellars, basements, clamps or pits. To store the tubers in the basement or cellar, they are poured into a wooden barn with a wooden pallet not more than 1 m thick or left in boxes.
При отсутствии специального хранилища клубни potatoes can be stored directly in the garden in prepared pits. To do this, dig a hole 2 m deep in the most elevated area. Tubers are laid with a layer up to 1 m, and they are covered with dry sand (10 cm) from above. On top of the sand pit is filled to the brim with earth. In the cold, it is insulated with peat, sawdust, leaves.
For the collar use small trenches orleveled platforms. Trench shoulders (depth up to 0.5 m) are ditches filled with tubers. The favorable temperature regime is maintained due to the heat coming from the ground and generated during the "breathing" of tubers. Inside the collar, the temperature is controlled by changing the thickness of the warm shelter and the supply and exhaust ventilation. Piles lay in dry weather in the fall. Dry, permeable soils are suitable for them. The platform for potatoes is cleaned and then disinfected with the help of lime. Piles are made in the size of 2 x 5 m and up to 1 m in height.
