Temperature of fire from different sources of flame

The temperature of the fire makes in a new light to seethe usual things — a flashing white match, the blue glow of a gas stove burner in the kitchen, orange-red tongues over a burning tree. A man does not pay attention to fire until he burns his fingertips. Or do not sleep the potatoes in a frying pan. Or will not burn through the soles of sneakers, drying over the fire.

When the first pain, fear and disappointment pass, the time comes for philosophical reflection. About nature, colors, temperature of fire.

It burns like a match

Briefly about the structure of the match.It consists of a wand and a head. The sticks are made of wood, cardboard and cotton tow soaked in paraffin. The tree is chosen softwood - poplar, pine, aspen. Raw materials for sticks are called match sticks. To avoid straw smoldering, the sticks are impregnated with phosphoric acid. Russian factories make aspen straws.

The match head is simple in shape but complexchemical composition. The dark brown head of a match contains seven components: oxidizers - bertolet salt and potassium dichromate; glass dust, red lead, sulfur, bone glue, zinc white.

The head of a match with friction is ignited, heating to a thousand and a half degrees. Threshold of ignition, in degrees Celsius:

• poplar - 468;
• aspen - 612;
• pine - 624.

The fire temperature of a match is equal to the ignition temperature of wood. Therefore, a white flash of a sulfur head is replaced by a yellow-orange tongue of a match.

If you scrutinize the burning match, then you will see three zones of flame. Bottom - cold blue. The average is one and a half times warmer. Top - hot zone.

Fire artist

At the word "fire" flash no less brightnostalgic memories: smoke of the fire, creating a confidential atmosphere; red and yellow lights flying to the ultramarine sky; overflow of reeds from blue to ruby ​​red; purple coals, which bake "pioneer" potatoes.

The changing color of a flaming tree reportsfluctuations in the temperature of the fire in the fire. The smoldering of a tree (darkening) starts from 150 °. Ignition (smoke) occurs in the range of 250-300 °. With the same oxygen supply, tree species burn at different temperatures. Accordingly, the degree of fire will also be different. Birch burns at 800 degrees, alder - at 522 °, and ash and beech - at 1040 °.

But the color of the fire is also determined by the chemicalcomposition of the burning substance. Sodium salts contribute to yellow and orange fire. The chemical composition of cellulose contains both sodium and potassium salts, giving the glowing coals of the tree a red hue. Romantic blue lights in a tree fire are caused by lack of oxygen, when instead of CO₂ CO is formed - carbon monoxide.

Enthusiasts of scientific experiments measure the temperaturefire in the fire with a device called pyrometer. Three types of pyrometers are manufactured: optical, radiation, spectral. These are contactless devices that allow to estimate the power of thermal radiation.

We study fire in our own kitchen

Cooking gas stoves run on two types of fuel:

1. Trunk natural gas methane.
2. Propane-butane liquefied mixture of cylinders and gas-holders.

The chemical composition of the fuel determines the temperature of the fire gas stove. Burning, methane forms a fire with a power of 900 degrees at the top point.

Burning a liquefied mixture gives a heat up to 1950 °.

The attentive observer will note the uneven coloring of the tongues of the gas stove burner. Inside the fire torch is divided into three zones:

• The dark area located near the burner: there is no burning due to lack of oxygen, and the temperature of the zone is 350 °.
• A bright area lying in the center of the torch: the burning gas heats up to 700 °, but the fuel does not burn completely due to the lack of an oxidizer.
• Translucent upper section: reaches a temperature of 900 °, and the combustion of gas is full.

The figures for the temperature zones of the fire torch are given for methane.

Safety rules for fire events

Inflaming matches, a fireplace, a gas stove, take care of ventilation. Provide a supply of oxygen to the fuel.

Do not attempt to repair gas equipment yourself. Gas does not tolerate amateurs.

Mistresses say burners glow blue.color, but sometimes the fire turns orange. This is not a global temperature change. The color change is associated with a change in the composition of the fuel. Pure methane burns without color and without smell. For safety purposes, sulfur is added to domestic gas, which, when burned, paints the gas in blue hues and gives the characteristic smell to the combustion products.

The appearance of orange and yellow shades in firerings informs about the need for preventive manipulations with the stove. Masters will clean the equipment, remove dust and soot, the burning of which changes the usual color of the fire.

Sometimes the fire in the burner turns red.This is a signal of the dangerous content of carbon monoxide in the combustion products. Receipt of oxygen to the fuel is so small that the stove even goes out. Carbon monoxide is tasteless and odorless, and the person next to the source of the emission of a harmful substance will notice too late that he has been poisoned. Therefore, the red color of gas requires the immediate call of masters for the prevention and adjustment of equipment.