The growth of a child at the age of 3 depends on how intensively the baby develops. The constant increase in the growth parameter is a pretty good indicator of development.
Anthropological factors and their influence on the development of the child
The following factors influence the physiological development of children:
- nutrition of the child (in what quantity he receives proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and other necessary trace elements);
- heredity;
- hormonal background.
Also, the growth of a child at the age of 3 is influenced by such factors as good care, physical exertion, prolonged sleep, a favorable psychological atmosphere surrounding the child.
In the process of growing up, the physical development of children is positively affected by sport, which is accompanied by frequent jumps (volleyball, basketball).
In addition, the growth of a child at the age of 3 years increases rapidly in the process of sleep, especially in the morning (when the child does not get enough sleep or gets up early, it negatively affects his development).
Psychological factors of growth retardation
Great impact on the physical development of children 3years has a floor. In boys, growth increases faster than in girls. The exception is adolescence, it is then that girls often overtake boys in development, but then the boys still gain their own.
Puberty also plays an important role. When the body of adolescents is a large number of sex hormones, growth slows down (by the age of 18 it practically stops).
Climate conditions can also affect the growth of a child 3 years of age.
Measurement rules
In order to measure the growth of a child under 3 years old, a measuring tape is used. This procedure is done on the table. Pre-straighten the tape and fix it well.
The baby is placed on a flat surface so that the upper part of the head lies on the beginning of the measuring tape.
Then, pressing the knees slightly, straighten the legs and measure.
To measure the growth of a child at 3 years old, you canuse a height meter (this is a tape of paper). The child is blown out and put on the floor, while leaning his back to the line. The body should be straight, arms should be lowered along the body, knees should be unbent, and feet should be shifted. During the measurement, you need to ensure that the child is in easy contact with the wall in three places: the back (shoulder blades), booty and heels. On a head we place perpendicular to the height meter any flat object and on the scale we make a mark, by which we easily recognize the growth of the child. Table of standards allows you to judge the proper development of the child.
Weight determination
Weight can be easily recognized using digital scales.It is necessary to control that the child is located strictly in the center of the measuring device. Age depends on the method of measurement. The babies are put on the diaper, after weighing its weight is subtracted from the total indicator.
You need to weigh in the morning, before feeding, after the baby went to the toilet.
Chest circumference measured mainlycentimeter tape, it impose on the chest under the shoulder blades, the child should take aside hands. Then he should lower his hands, and connect the ends of the measuring tape at the level of the nipples. At the moment when the child breathes evenly, make a measurement. For girls who have a well-developed chest, tape is placed over the chest and measured.
When measuring the head circumference, a measuring tape is placed on the back of the back of the head, and on the front on the eyebrows. The ends of the tape connect and get the result of measurement.
Evaluation of anthropometric indicators using centile tables
Centile table is used to determinethe degree of development of the baby, it divides children according to the parameters of height, weight, head circumference and chest. It is quite simple and convenient to use such tables, the results are easy to understand.
The columns of the tables show us the numerical limits of the signs of the proportion (percentage, centile) of children of a certain age and sex.
For average values or normal values takevalues that half of healthy children have, this corresponds to an interval of 25-50-75%. The table, which contains indicators such as age, weight, height of babies, indicates these indicators, denoting them in red.
Intervals located near the mean values are estimated to be lower or higher than the average (10–25% and 75–90%). Parents can rate such indicators as quite normal.
But when the indicator is located in the zone of 3-10 or 90-97%, it is worth to notice and see a doctor. When the baby's indicators are located in this zone, it is necessary to conduct a baby survey.
Body weight of boys, kg | |||||||
Age months | Centiles | ||||||
3 | 10 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 90 | 97 | |
0 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.2 |
1 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.4 |
2 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.4 |
3 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 7.3 |
4 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 8.1 |
5 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 8.8 |
6 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 9.4 |
7 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 9.5 | 9.9 |
8 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 10.5 |
9 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 9.1 | 9.8 | 10.5 | 11.0 |
10 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 10.3 | 10.9 | 11.4 |
11 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 9.1 | 9.8 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 11.8 |
1 year | 8.5 | 8.9 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 10.9 | 11.6 | 12.1 |
15 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 10.1 | 10.8 | 11.7 | 12.4 | 13.0 |
18 | 9.7 | 10.2 | 10.7 | 11.5 | 12.4 | 13.0 | 13.7 |
21 | 10.2 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 13.6 | 14.3 |
2 years | 10.5 | 11.0 | 11.5 | 12.0 | 14.0 | 14.5 | 16.9 |
27 | 11.2 | 11.5 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.5 | 16.0 | 17.1 |
30 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 13.8 | 15.0 | 16.3 | 17.4 |
33 | 11.4 | 12.7 | 13.4 | 14.0 | 15.6 | 16.5 | 17.9 |
3 years | 12.0 | 13.0 | 13.6 | 14.9 | 15.7 | 17.4 | 19.7 |
Age months | Body weight of girls, kg | ||||||
Centiles | |||||||
3 | 10 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 90 | 97 | |
0 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.1 |
1 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 5.1 |
2 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.9 |
3 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.7 |
4 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 7.5 |
5 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 8.1 |
6 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 8.7 |
7 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 7.7 | 8.4 | 8.9 | 9.3 |
8 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 9.7 |
9 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 10.1 |
10 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 10.1 | 10.5 |
11 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 10.9 |
1 year | 8.0 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 10.2 | 10.8 | 11.3 |
15 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 10.9 | 11.5 | 12.1 |
18 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 10.3 | 10.8 | 11.5 | 12.2 | 12.8 |
21 | 9.7 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 11.5 | 12.2 | 12.8 | 13.4 |
2 years | 10.0 | 10.8 | 11.8 | 12.6 | 13.4 | 14.0 | 15.2 |
27 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 14.5 | 15.5 |
30 | 10.9 | 11.7 | 12.4 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 15.5 | 17.1 |
33 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 13.0 | 13.8 | 14.8 | 15.9 | 17.6 |
3 years | 12.0 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.5 | 17.0 | 18.5 |
When the performance of the baby went beyond the establishedlimits of the norm, namely for the values of 3 or 97%, most likely, he has some kind of pathology, which affects his physical development. When you have such values, only the doctor can determine the cause of the child's developmental delay and help solve this problem.
To help you figure out what isrepresents the centile scale, we give an example. We have a hundred babies of the same age and sex. They stand on increase in growth, since small and finishing the greatest. The growth of the first three kids is the smallest, it is considered very low. From 3 to 10 - low, from 10 to 25 - below average, from 25 to 75 - medium, from 75 to 90 is considered already above average, from 90 to 97, according to existing standards, is considered high and the last three babies with very high growth .
Conclusion
When a child has lived for 3 years, height, weight shouldconform to the normal indicators of the anthropological table. This will once again confirm the fact that it develops normally, receives proper care, observes the day regimen and fully eats.
For the good development of the child it is necessary to teachto sport, work at an early age. The conclusion suggests itself: in order for the child to keep up with growth, you need to ensure that he observes the daily regimen, eats properly and is friends with physical education. As a result, the physiological development does not take long.
