Boy or girlWho will the child look like the most? Such a question is usually asked future parents in anticipation of the long-awaited addition to the family. There are also many other pleasant troubles and worries ahead: you need to have time to pick up a name, visit more than one store in search of suitable things. And it seems that nothing can darken the joy of the upcoming holiday. But this was not the case - in some cases such a phenomenon during pregnancy as chlamydia can be observed.
What is this pathology and where can it come from?However, this is not the only question that should be of concern. Much more important is what consequences it threatens and how it affects the fetal intrauterine development.
General information
Хламидиоз - заболевание, возбудителями которого are the microorganisms Chlamydia trachomatis. Moreover, this pathology is not a rare phenomenon. Statistics show that 10% of women are infected with chlamydia. This suggests that among all cases of urinogenital infections, the disease occupies a leading position.
Chlamydia in their structure resemble bacteriaand they live, as a rule, in the carrier cell, which is also characteristic of viruses. At the same time, the size of the Chlamydia trachomatis microbe is larger than that of the virus, but it is smaller than the bacteria. For this reason, chlamydia invulnerable, and treatment of chlamydia during pregnancy is not as easy as we would like.
This disease can cause a woman to become infected.during sexual intercourse, and in the period of carrying a child. It flows unnoticed, and microorganisms begin to multiply only on the third day. As a result, the expectant mother may not even assume that uninvited guests have settled in her body.
Initially hitting the cervical canal,Further, chlamydia freely penetrate the fallopian tubes, provoking the development of salpingitis and endometritis. Subsequently, this leads to the emergence of various kinds of pathologies. After all, the body of a pregnant woman is very vulnerable.
Chlamydia trachomatis
Women are most susceptible to chlamydia, andinfection occurs in most cases just in a sexual way. You can also catch this infection using the contact-household route, for example, when visiting a bath or sauna, but in practice this is extremely rare.
Chlamydia trachomatis - causative agents of chlamydia during pregnancy - have special properties that allow them to remain in the shadow for a long time:
- Not able to move independently.
- May take a special form to wait out unfavorable conditions for successful development.
- At the moment of weakening the host's immunity, the pathogen feels this and begins to actively proliferate.
- There are many variations of chlamydia, with the result that there are several varieties of diseases caused by them.
No doubt Chlamydia trachomatis isthe most dangerous enemy that can only settle in the human body, especially for all pregnant women! And here the main thing - to prevent infection, which is much easier than later undergo a course of treatment. Therefore, you should be vigilant!
Consequences of chlamydia during pregnancy
Chlamydia in a woman’s body can lead tovarious complications, and the symptoms are observed not only in the mother, but also in the child. Those children who are born to women with Chlamydia trachomatis pathogens have a low body mass index, muscle mass is not sufficiently developed and there are other serious illnesses.
Хламидиоз начинает оказывать свое негативное the effect on pregnancy is already from the initial term. The presence of microorganisms in the late period of gestation can cause spontaneous abortion.
Due to this risk, future moms don'trandomly screened three times during the entire gestation period. This comprehensive examination includes blood donation for analysis, which allows to detect the presence of an infectious disease, sexually transmitted diseases.
Thus, during the timely visit to the antenatal clinic, you can detect the presence of chlamydia during pregnancy in time, thus avoiding the development of severe complications.
Symptoms of chlamydia in women
The first signs of the introduction of chlamydia into the mucousthe shell appears after some time, usually it is a period from one week to three. In most cases, the pathology does not make itself known to the woman, and the detection of pathogens, as a rule, leads her into shock.
В числе характерных признаков — необычные yellowish discharge that is uncharacteristic during pregnancy. The secreted mucus is thick and has an unpleasant odor. In addition, itching and burning appear, and a woman may feel discomfort in the lower abdomen, there are painful sensations.
В тех случаях, когда заболевание уже протекает quite a long period of time, the symptoms become more pronounced. This is the first sign that indicates the beginning of inflammation of the organs of the urogenital system. As a result, the appearance of urethritis, cystitis, adhesions in the appendages and colpitis. Below we will analyze the consequences of chlamydia and what is the threat to the mother and child.
Threat to a pregnant woman
Появление симптомов хламидиоза у женщин при Pregnancy can later provoke the development of diseases not only of the genitals, but also other systems. For example, the future mother does not exclude the occurrence of Reiter’s disease, in which the eyes, joints and genitals are affected.
Being in the blood of the female body, chlamydiacontribute to the development of the immune reaction, as a result of which their own antibodies, being defenders, begin to attack the cells of the joints and eyeballs, mistakenly perceiving them as alien organisms. Actually, a sign of this and are flowing inflammation of these organs. Characteristically, the syndrome can continue to develop even after recovery, as the tissues are attacked by antibodies, rather than microbes.
Another pathology caused by chlamydia -This is a urethral stricture. Here we are talking about inflammation of the urethra, which can lead to the development of adhesions. Because of chlamydia in women during pregnancy, the mucous membrane of the urethra is replaced by scar tissue, resulting in a narrow lumen. This may be partial or may extend to the entire urethra. The treatment of this disease is carried out surgically.
Inflammatory processes in the pelvic organsChlamydia penetration also provokes. For example, it is endometritis, salpingitis, oophoritis. If the disease has been going on for a long time, this also leads to the formation of adhesions. And as a result - pipe infertility.
In addition, there may be other diseases that occur only in men or women. But these cases are more common.
The effect of chlamydia on the fetus
There are several ways to infect the fetus:
- Intrauterine.
- Transplacental.
- Hematogenous.
Depending on how the infection has penetrated,Chlamydia in an unborn child may be different. And in each case, the inflammatory process also begins in its own way. During the course of chlamydia during pregnancy, the consequences for the child are usually not the most optimistic, since pathogens negatively affect the development of certain organs and systems of the fetus.
Intrauterine infection
При внутриутробном заражении первым делом Chorioamnionitis occurs - inflammation of the membranes, which can result in fetal death or premature birth. However, this may not happen. In this case, the microorganisms rush straight into the amniotic fluid, and then penetrate directly into the fetus.
It's not so difficult, because the child commitsrespiratory reflexes and swallows contaminated fluid that enters the lungs. As a result, chlamydia easily penetrate into the intermediate tissues of the lungs, which leads to the onset of pneumonitis, when it comes in contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes - conjunctivitis, and the defeat of the intestinal membranes ends with enteritis.
Due to chlamydia during pregnancyinfection on the baby continues after birth. When he takes the first breath of air in his life, the insidious microorganisms immediately rush to the alveoli. As a result, pneumonitis changes shape and develops into severe pneumonia. And since the amniotic fluid leaves the fetus through the urogenital system, other organs (kidneys) are also infected.
Transplacental infection
In this case, the infection occurs through the placenta.Microorganisms freely penetrate into the vascular system of the fetus, and in this case, the mucous membranes of absolutely all internal organs are under the threat of infection. In particular, we are talking about pathologies such as:
- Meningitis.
- Pyelonephritis.
- Pneumonitis.
This type of infection is dangerous because fetal death can occur regardless of the duration of pregnancy.
Hematogenous infection
This type of chlamydia during pregnancy is a bitsimilar to transplacental infection, only chlamydia enter the body not through the placenta (in particular, it is meant through the vessels), but through the umbilical vein, and in a significantly larger quantity. It can be said that this is the most dangerous infection, since the infection simultaneously enters the digestive, respiratory and urinary systems through the blood vessels and mucous membranes.
In this case, a tragic outcome is also possible -fetal death, regardless of the period of gestation. In addition, the child does not exclude hemorrhage in the brain, kidneys, adrenal glands, lungs.
Diagnosis of the disease
As is now clear, the disease representsa serious threat to the mother and her baby. Therefore, it is extremely important to timely detect the presence of pathogens at the diagnostic stage and begin treatment of chlamydia in women during pregnancy. To this end, various methods are currently used:
- Polymerase chain reaction, or PCR. It is the main way in which a woman has to donate blood for analysis. Experts determine if there is chlamydial genetic material in the sample.
- Enzyme immunoassay. In this case, the presence of specificantibodies or antigens to any particular disease, in this case chlamydia. But since there are antibodies in a healthy woman, the method is practically not used.
- Taking a smear from the vagina with the subsequent cultivation of microorganisms. This method is quite time-consuming, and therefore is used less frequently.
- When using an electron microscope Chlamydia can be detected, but since the method is costly, it is relevant only for scientific research.
In the network of pharmacies on sale there are mini-tests, with the help of which it is allegedly possible to determine the presence of this pathology.
However, the accuracy of the results is only20%, not more. For this reason, it is impossible to verify the authenticity of the symptoms of chlamydia during pregnancy by these means, and it is not recommended at all.
Treatment
For the appearance of a healthy and strong baby withoutany complications and pathologies it is necessary that the mother was healthy. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of timely diagnosis and prevention of those diseases that are easily transmitted from person to person.
To treat only folkmeans and lifestyle changes for the better is impossible. Chlamydia is an infectious disease, so one cannot do without a full course of therapy.
Во время беременности ситуация осложняется the current situation, since it requires a competent selection of the necessary drugs, which in the treatment of chlamydia will not have a negative effect on the fetus. To do this, the doctor must first conduct a comprehensive study that will assess the overall condition of the female body. In some cases, the course of treatment for chlamydia during pregnancy may be delayed until the last trimester, or the birth of the child itself.
Medication use
The basis of therapy is antimicrobial agents.macrolide groups. These antibiotics are a special kind of medical drugs that can destroy microbes that are inside cells. Therefore, this is the right tool to combat chlamydia. In addition, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines have good efficacy. But for the treatment of pregnant women, only macrolides or flococins of the last generation are allowed to use.
Pregnant women in no case should not engage in self-treatment, as it threatens to overdose, which in any case badly affects the intrauterine development of the fetus.
As an add-on
For treatment, it is necessary to use only those agents prescribed by the doctor, but some other agents can be used as a supplement. How to beat chlamydia:
- For a full-fledged treatment, you need to take sick leave, because rest is necessary, which is very difficult to achieve at work.
- Adhere to proper and balanced diet.
- The need for taking vitamin preparations should be coordinated with your doctor.
- Until you receive the control result of PCR, it is necessary to refrain from intimacy.
- A woman’s partner must also be tested for chlamydia.
- Probiotics - Linex, Hilak Forte, and a number of others will help prevent side effects due to antibiotics.
Все это позволит повысить эффективность терапии.The timely conduct of a complete diagnosis and the full course of treatment will avoid serious complications. Even according to numerous reviews about chlamydia during pregnancy, everyone agrees that it is still necessary to treat this pathology.
