Закладывать в ребенке желание и умение трудиться need more from preschool age. On the basis of this, preschool institutions set the labor education of preschool children as one of the main goals. In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards for this term, this term is commonly understood as the system of forming diligence and labor skills for each child. As well as the desire to learn work.
The main goal of pre-school child labor education is the formation of a careful attitude to any work and a clear understanding of the work activity of adults.
In connection with this goal, the state standard identifies the following main tasks:
- Formation of clear ideas about adult labor and the importance of work in life.
- Formation of knowledge and skills necessary for labor activity.
- Fostering respect for any work.
Types of labor and tasks
GEF DO assumes the following types of work:
- self-service;
- economic work;
- natural labor;
- manual labor.
For each type, you can allocate certain tasks of labor education of preschoolers.
Type of labor | Tasks |
self service |
|
economic |
|
natural |
|
manual |
|
It is important to consider that the first two types of laborActivities should be formed during all the years in the kindergarten, and learning manual labor begins only 1-2 years before graduation from preschool.
How does each type of work affect a child?
Thanks to the formation of self-service skillspupils have such qualities as self-confidence, the ability to independently solve their problems and to be independent from their parents or other important adults.
The implementation of tasks of economic labor allowschildren understand that they can improve the environment independently and without any help. All the knowledge that will give children kindergarten, will play a significant role in the future.
Work on naturehelps children improve their mood, self-esteem; allows you to teach children to grow any product, a flower on their own and to carry out proper care for it; develops thought processes in the child.
Learning manual labor helps children to believe in their own strength and understand that they can do a beautiful thing on their own and make it happy not only for themselves, but also for their loved ones.
Based on the above, it is necessary to concludewhich is very important to include in the plan for education all kinds of activities, because only because of this the teacher will be able to let a person fully prepared for school and adult life from kindergarten.
Forms of work organization
For the full education of work in preschoolers should use the following forms:
- orders;
- duty roster;
- joint work.
Consider in detail all aspects of each of the forms.
Orders - the most pleasant and effective tooleducation and development of labor qualities. Children like it very much when they are given instructions by adults who are authoritative for them, but in order to receive praise from this person, they will try to fulfill the order well, quickly and correctly.
Orders are of three types: individual, group, general.
Начинать стоит с поручений конкретно одному child, and only then, at an older age, go to the group. In addition, at a younger age, errands should be small and light. As the child grows, the assignment should be complicated.
It is very important to always praise the child not only forsuccessful implementation, but also for the desire and desire to help. It is not necessary to consider that helping a child in the assignment will have a negative result, on the contrary, by helping the kids, you realize in them a sense of security and confidence in others.
Duty - specific task providedseveral kindergarten pupils requiring special responsibility. Thanks to the duty, the children feel their importance for the preschool institution, the responsibility for completing the assignment and understand that their role and active participation in the group are important. In addition, the duty of the unite the children's team, and the common cause helps children to get to know each other better.
Совместный труд позволяет малышам правильно assign responsibilities, choose roles for each participant and be responsible for the performance of their work to the group. Labor education of preschool children in accordance with the GEF is implemented through the listed forms of activity that were chosen by experienced teachers due to the research.
How to distribute classes?
In order to realize the goal of pre-school child labor education, it is necessary to competently draw up an activity plan. It is very important in the selection of activities to take into account age characteristics.
It should be noted that you need to use all forms of activity and distribute them with the appropriate load for children.
Inadequate planning of labor education in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards for the Second Aid and its outcome
Act | The result |
The teacher uses all three forms of work in one day. | The tasks of labor education for preschoolers are implemented to a weak extent, due to the strong burden on children. Pupils consider themselves not as individuals, but as subordinates, from whom they require a lot of work. |
The educator uses one form of activity per week. | Since in all kinds of forms to involve allIt is absolutely impossible for children, then labor education in accordance with the GEF will be manifested only in a part of the pupils, which was more involved in the activity. |
The teacher incorrectly calculates the degree of difficulty of the tasks. | For young children, he gives difficult tasks, andThe guys from the older group are simple and easy. Such an approach will cause children to have a negative attitude towards work, as it will be either very easy for them or too difficult. Moreover, this method can completely discourage the desire to work and respect human labor. |
In order to avoid such mistakes, it is necessary to correctly distribute the responsibilities of children in the process of labor education.
Possible tasks for different ages
In order to implement the tasks of pre-school child labor education as accurately as possible, an approximate table of activities for each group was compiled. You can get acquainted with it below.
Group | Variants of tasks |
Yaselnaya Jr. | Two groups are combined into one type, since agekids and their capabilities are about the same. At this age, you can give instructions such as pouring a flower from a baby watering can (only one pot, if it's a street, then one small flowerbed), carry a small object from one place to another, hang your clothes to dry. Duty and collective tasks at this age do not apply. |
Average | Labor education of preschool children in accordance withGEF in the middle group requires a little more complicated assignments. For example, independently water all the flowers in a group, carefully hang out your belongings, arrange toys nicely, etc. Begins familiarity with the new form of laboractivities - on duty. The very first duty - on the dining room. Children need to ensure that everyone has appliances, bread, cheese on the tables and carefully observe that all pupils wash their hands before eating. It is also possible to instruct the duty officer to serve fruits or vegetables on the table, but not completely on the table, but 2 pieces each. |
Senior | В старшей группе дети уже более взрослые, и их opportunities greatly expanded. Now it is worthwhile to introduce such a type of labor education as collective work. It is recommended to start with interesting and exciting activities. A good teamwork at this age will be growing a flower group. Each of the children will distribute their duties: someone watching the watering, someone for loosening the earth, and someone - for sufficient sunlight. In this way, the pre-school children form a sense of love and care for the environment and the ability to perform work in a team with preschoolers. |
Preparatory | Labor education in accordance with the GEF to theThis group is intended for serious preparation of future graduates of the kindergarten for big changes. This will be a new stage of life - school. Therefore, it is very important to prepare an independent, educated and hardworking first grader. To do this, you must alternate all forms of work. Be sure to once a week to conduct collective work, but short. That is, the work must be started and completed on the same day. This may be making collages, cleaning in the corner of animals or on the street, etc. The teacher is obliged to maximally develop the desire for work and the desire to work. |
Work and parents
Also important is the labor education of preschoolers in accordance with the GEF for parents. In addition, the result of “inoculation” of love and a good attitude to work largely depends on them.
Those rules that are present in preschoolinstitution, should be used and parents at home. Otherwise, the mismatch of requirements may lead to a misunderstanding on the part of the child of what is required of him. The consequences of such disagreements are different: minimal - the child will not always be sure if he is performing the task correctly, maximum - if you need to do this in one place and you don’t need to do it in another, then the child will decide that the adults themselves They do not know what they expect from the baby and come up with the rules on their own. And if such requirements are just fiction, then they can not be fulfilled.
The problem of labor education of preschoolersis solved only by the joint labor of parents and caregiver To do this, it is necessary to arrange parental meetings as often as possible, where to agree on the rules, tasks and methods of raising children. Parents, in turn, must attend all meetings and take an active part in them.
Помните, только объединившись можно добиться positive results! Do not blame all the work on educators, and then teachers. Their goal is only to direct the children in the right direction, and yours is to make every effort for the child to learn.
Hygienic conditions
In order for the labor education of preschool children in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards to have a positive result, it is necessary to monitor the hygiene of children and the cleanliness of the items with which they work.
The effectiveness of pre-school labor education inCompliance with GEF rises when work takes place in fresh air. If the children work in an institution, then it is necessary to regularly ventilate the room and monitor the cleanliness of the items.
When children are working on a craft or paint, the room should be well lit, so as not to harm children's vision.
Of great importance is the posture for labor. It is impossible for the pupils to be in the same posture for more than an hour, as this is very harmful for the emerging spine.
The importance of labor education for preschoolers
A person must be trained in labor, as thisthe only source of prosperity. Diligence from an early age ensures success and prosperity in the future. Children trained to work from infancy are more independent, easily adapt to any conditions and solve various kinds of problems more quickly. Diligence allows a person to gain self-confidence and tomorrow.
Трудовое воспитание дошкольников в соответствии с The Federal State Educational Standard is aimed at the maximum development of the child’s knowledge and skills, thanks to which a kindergarten pupil will be able to develop safely further and receive the respect of loved ones, friends and even strangers.
Conclusion
Labor education of preschool children in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards in the tables given in the article, reveals in detail the essence and problems of the formation of diligence.
The most important thing is to start involving children in laborprocess from an early age. You need to do this in a playful way, but with certain requirements. Be sure to praise the child, even if he does not succeed.
It is important to note that work on labor education is necessary in accordance with age characteristics and it is important to take into account the individual capabilities of each child.
And remember, only with parents can you fully realize the labor education of preschool children in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard!
