In the past few decades, marketrelations in our country are developing quite intensively, and mainly due to the existence of entrepreneurial activities. The main subject of economic relations is the firm. It is an organization headed by a legal entity (however there may be several). It has its own capital and conducts business in one or several spheres of public life. As a rule, each firm has one or several enterprises subordinate to it.
There is even a classification that coversthe main types of firms. First, enterprises are distinguished by the form of ownership. In accordance with this criterion, they can be public, private or mixed. In state enterprises, most of the capital belongs, naturally, to the state or is simply controlled by it. Private, individual or collective companies can also have a share of public investment, but it takes only a small part of the total amount of finance.
Types of firms are distinguished by their size, that is bythe number of employees, the funds available to the enterprise and the volume of production or sales. Among the large, medium and small enterprises in Russia, the latter prevail. Distinguish types of firms by the nature of the resources that they use to obtain the final result of their activities. There are laborious enterprises that require a large number of labor; there are capital-intensive ones, those that use the means of production quite intensively, while replacing manual labor with machinery. And there are material-intensive enterprises that make intensive use of the resources available to them. Material-intensive firms pay great attention to finding opportunities to reduce transportation costs for the delivery of materials and raw materials.
Classification of firms by the nature of their activitiesfirst of all, industrial enterprises that are engaged in the extraction and processing of natural resources and the production of goods for the population. In this case, its successful location is of particular importance for the efficient operation of the enterprise. In addition, such companies should take care of compliance with environmental regulations and rules.
Secondly, there are trading enterprises, which are the link in a very important "producer-buyer" chain.
Thirdly, there are transport enterprises,which are involved in the field of passenger and cargo transportation. Basically, they are located close to the main transport hubs, such as airports, railway stations, etc.
Fourth, one of the types of enterprises are insurance organizations that are engaged in the insurance of citizens against accidents and risks.
And, finally, the fifth subspecies of companies are companies and enterprises engaged in various types of services - dry cleaning, hotels, car rental.
Still different types of firms on legal status.This can be both business partnerships and unitary enterprises, which are exclusively state or municipal. Enterprises can also have the status of production cooperatives. In this category there are individual entrepreneurs and non-profit organizations.
Kinds of firms happen different, but, irrespective ofdivision by classification, before creating an enterprise, its future owner is guided by a number of factors that can positively or negatively affect the future fate of the case. For example, if you focus on protecting the environment, then in certain regions of the country it is impossible to build one or another enterprise, if you comply with all the conditions relating to environmental safety.
