Many owners are involved in rabbit breeding.household farms and villagers. The point is in most cases profitable and not too complicated. However, to make a profit from a farm of such specialization is possible only in the case of proper care of animals. First of all, when keeping rabbits, maximum attention should be paid to preventing the spread of various infections. Otherwise, you can quickly lose all livestock.
One of the most terrible diseases of these animalsis VGBK. Treatment of hemorrhagic disease of rabbits is not carried out. Virtually no methods to save animals in the event of infection does not exist. Lunge when propagating in a UGBH herd is usually 90-100%.
Causative agent
Causes VGBK special RNA-containing calcirus withextremely high virulence. Activity, and very high, even at a temperature of 40-50 degrees, it can save more than five years. Fortunately, only rabbits are susceptible to this calcivirus. Other agricultural and domestic animals, as well as humans, cannot become infected with infections such as rabbit hemorrhagic disease.
The susceptibility of animals to VGBK is very high.Rabbits of any sex, of all ages and breeds can be affected by this disease. Morbidity statistics do not particularly depend on the season. However, most often VGBK rabbits get sick all the same in the fall or winter.
Most sensitive to viral hemorrhagicdiseases animals older than 3 months, weighing 3 kg. Why the body of young rabbits is able to resist the disease better than adults, for scientists still remains a mystery. Very often, the disease for unknown reasons also affects pregnant and lactating females.
A bit of history
For the first time viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbitswas recorded in China, in the area of Jiang-Dzu. Many farmers in this province have lost entire livestock of animals literally one day. In Europe, calcivirus first manifested itself in 1986. This time Italian farmers suffered. The loss of animals began immediately after the rabbit was brought into the country from China. For two years (1986-1988), the All-Russian State Border Company covered almost the entire territory of Italy. Up to 600 disadvantaged farms were recorded in the country. Many rabbit breeders simply went bankrupt. At the same time Italian veterinarians and scientists were powerless to change anything. They could not even identify the virus, calling UHDB disease X.
In Russia, infection of rabbits with calcivirus for the first timewas recorded in the Jewish Autonomous Region. On the border with China, in the state farm "Far Eastern", almost all the livestock of animals died. Unfortunately, since, as in Italy, the disease was not identified, no measures were taken to prevent its spread then. The remaining rabbits were slaughtered at the meat processing plant, and the skins were sent to a felt factory. As a result, after some time, the disease manifested itself in the Moscow region. There were cases of infection in other parts of the country.
To date, VGBK is common inmost regions of Europe, in Southwest Asia, in the Americas and in Africa. Work on the systematization of data on this disease is carried out by the International Epizootic Bureau.
How can infection occur
Danger of viral hemorrhagic diseaseRabbits for business is not only because of the lack of treatment methods and one hundred percent mortality, but also because of lightning spread. This infection can be transmitted in many ways. Very often, farm personnel become the culprits of animal contamination. The virus is easily transferred both on shoes and on clothes. In addition, the sources of infection can be:
- litter;
- manure;
- stern;
- water;
- skin particles of sick animals.
Calcivirus is transmitted and simply by airborne droplets. In the skins of sick animals, it can last up to three months.
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: symptoms of infection
There are only two main forms of UGBC:lightning fast and sharp. In the first case, only a few hours pass from the moment of infection of the animal to its death. In the evening, the owners can feed more healthy animals, and in the morning find them dead. In this case, the disease does not manifest itself clinically. Animals just die.
The acute form of VGBK develops as fast asfor example, myxomatosis. In this case, viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits can last for several days. In this case, the incubation period is 2-4 days. Then the rabbits begin to show signs of depression, lack of appetite, and nervous system disorders. Animals may experience cramps in the limbs, drooping of the head. In this case, rabbits suffer, groan or squeak.
На заключительной стадии болезни из носовых holes in animals begins to stand out yellowish-red liquid. From the moment the first signs of the disease appear until the death of animals with acute UHDB, it takes no more than 1-2 days. Pregnant rabbit babies always have miscarriages.
Pathological changes
Its name is viral hemorrhagic diseaseRabbits received due to the fact that when opening the carcasses of dead animals, veterinarians always find multiple hemorrhages in almost all internal organs. At the same time, the liver and kidneys are most affected in rabbits. The blood of animals after death may not coagulate for a long time.
Particularly severe internal organs are affected inadult animals. The liver of the fallen rabbits is enlarged and easily torn due to the flabby consistency. The color of it is unnatural - yellow-brown, in places with a red tint. It is in the liver of an infected rabbit that an increased concentration of calcivirus is observed. Mainly due to its reproduction and a violation of its function.
Spleen in rabbits killed by VGBK, a littleit is increased, also has a flabby consistence and unnatural (this time dark-violet) color. The kidneys of the fallen rabbits are filled with blood, and the gastrointestinal tract is catarrhal. In the intestine there are multiple hemorrhages.
What rabbits die from
The death of animals infected with UGBK, in addition to failureliver, resulting from pulmonary edema. It is the rapid defeat of these two organs that explains the lightning speed of the disease. The lungs of the dead animals are filled with blood and intensely swollen. At the same time, they are unevenly colored, and under the pleura there are multiple punctate and banded hemorrhages.
Preventive measures
Although UHB's calcivirus is transmittedIn many ways, it is still possible to prevent the infection of animals. Of course, the obstruction of the sanitary standards in the rabbitry should be an obstacle to the development of the disease. Cages and aviaries should be cleaned on time. Calcivirus is not killed by all disinfectants. Therefore, you should use only special tools designed specifically for the treatment of rabbitks.
It is very important to pay maximum attention to the quality of feed purchased for animals. Grain and animal feed should be bought only in well-off farms with a good reputation.
Viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits: vaccine (species)
Keeping cells clean and buyingquality barley and oats can significantly reduce the risk of spreading the disease. However, only universal vaccination will help to fully protect rabbits from ARHD.
Although UGBC is not treated, scientists have still created a vaccine against it. Moreover, several variants of it can be used in farms:
- associated lyophilized (vaccine against hemorrhagic disease of rabbits, myxomatosis);
- hydroxide aluminum tissue inactivated;
- three variants of lyophilized tissue (formol, teotropin and thermo vaccines);
- inactivated, used against VGBK and pasterereza.
Microbiologists developed not only the actualvaccine against viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits, but also a special serum. This remedy is good because it exerts its protective effect two hours after intramuscular administration.
Treatment
Специфических средств лечения такого заболевания, as a viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits, does not exist. However, in some cases, even those animals that already have clinical signs of the disease (the first) can be saved by introducing the serum described above. But, of course, you cannot get a guaranteed result in this case.
Vaccination
Prophylactic injections from UGBK supposed to holdanimals 1.5-3 months of age once. A vaccine is introduced against the hemorrhagic disease of rabbits in the buttock area. Sustained immunity is weakened in animals 6-8 months after injection. Rabbits raised for meat are usually slaughtered earlier. Therefore, there is no need to re-vaccinate them. Manufacturers, however, should be given injections at intervals of six months. Pregnant rabbits are allowed to vaccinate at any stage of embryo development.
