С наступлением весны многие хозяева приусадебных The plots lay eggs in an incubator to get young stock and to update their livestock, as well as other poultry. To obtain good results in breeding chicks, first of all, a number of necessary preparatory measures should be carried out. You also need to be able to select the egg for the incubator correctly and observe the proper temperature and humidity conditions during the development of embryos.
Preparatory activities
In the spring, the body of poultrylacks all sorts of vitamins and minerals. Therefore, it is important to develop a proper, balanced diet for the hens. Getting good offspring from a weak bird will be completely impossible.
Replenish the body with vitamins canfeeding green cabbage leaves and red carrots to chickens. If it is not possible to make mash of fresh vegetables, they should be replaced with special additives. The shortage of mineral substances is compensated by sprinkling the food with chalk, a small amount of salt, feeding eggs to the hens, hydrated lime, bone meal, etc.
Visual egg selection
On the result of such a procedure as independentthe conclusion of young poultry, a huge impact has not only the proper feeding of the parent flock. To get viable, healthy, active chicks, you also need to properly select the egg for the incubator. This should be done in compliance with the following recommendations:
- Selected eggs should not be too largeor small. In the first case, the probability of death of the embryo. From too small eggs, very small chicks hatch. In the subsequent they grow into small-hens.
- Eggs must be clean.
- They should not be chipped, roughness, etc.
- In addition, they should be flat, neat, preferably almost round. Of the eggs, slightly flattened at the sides or too sharp, the chick will be difficult to get out.
- Broiler eggs for incubators are taken from chickens not older than 1.5-2 years. It is advisable to comply with this rule in respect of laying hens.
Selection with an Ovoscope
When collecting eggs for incubation, it will also be very useful to use this device. When scanning, you should pay attention to the following points:
- The yolk should be in the middle.When turning in a good egg, he quickly assumes his former position. If one of the flagella is cut off, the yolk remains at the edge when performing this procedure. Such an egg is not suitable for incubation.
- The air chamber should not be too big(about 2-2.5 cm). Its correct location - at the blunt end, exactly in the middle. Eggs with an offset chamber in specialized literature are advised to reject. However, there is another opinion. Some experienced poultry breeders believe that chickens usually hatch from eggs with an offset (slightly) camera. Therefore, if the young growth will not be grown for meat, you can experiment.
- Of course, you can not take for incubation of eggs with torn and mixed with protein yolk.
Collection rules
Incubated chicken eggs are stored at a temperature of about 8-12 degrees for a maximum of five days. With a longer period, hatchability of young animals is significantly reduced.
An egg is taken from the nest for each incubator.one and a half - two hours. If you leave them for a longer period, chickens will tread on them. As a result, the protective layer of the shell, the cuticle, may be damaged. For the same reason, one should carefully take eggs from the nest, holding two sharp and blunt ends with two fingers. It is best to store them in a basket horizontally or store paper cells. In the latter case, the eggs are laid down with a sharp end.
Bookmark
So, the selection of "material" is over.Next, let's see how to lay eggs in the incubator correctly. Experienced farmers advise to place them at once in one big batch. If you make a bookmark in parts, as they become available, later problems may arise with the creation of conditions for young and differently aged. In addition, in this case, the incubator will be washed only once - after the last batch of chicks has been removed. This is not very good, because with each hatching inside the device remains the shell, mucus, etc.
Bookmark best in the evening - at about 16-22 hours. In this case, on day 22, the hatching will completely end.
Incubator: temperature for chicken eggs
After bookmarking you must observe the following mode:
- the first two days the temperature inside the incubator should be 38 ° C;
- from third to tenth - 37.8 C;
- from 11 to 16 - 37.5 C;
- from 17 to 19 - 37.2 C;
- from 20 to 21 - 37 C.
Incubator moisture should bemake up about 50-60%. During the withdrawal period, it should be increased to 68-72%. Otherwise, the chicks will be difficult to leave the eggs. Normal embryo development can be achieved only with 46-fold air exchange per hour. To do this, twice a day, the incubator for chicken eggs is opened and aired. This contributes to the full development of embryos.
В неавтоматизированных приборах проветривание produced simultaneously with turning eggs. When performing this procedure, the shells should also be sprayed with a weak solution of potassium permanganate to increase moisture and disinfection. Similar rules should be observed when laying in any incubator. The temperature for chicken eggs specified above must be observed without fail.
Hatching chicks
In the last two days before hatching chicksthe eggs are turned over, the humidity is raised, and the temperature is lowered. Chicks hatch if incubation rules are not violated, depending on the breed for 21-21.5 days. Young animals are left inside until the feather dries. Then it is transferred to the nursery with an air temperature of about 38 grams. Incubator after transplanting all chickens should be peeled from the shell. Of course, it must be thoroughly washed.
Goose eggs in the incubator
Procedure for independent hatching of chickspoultry is almost identical to the one described above. Collect goose eggs for incubation for 5-7 days. Bookmark them usually in a horizontal position.
Of course, use in this case shouldspecial incubator for goose eggs, because they are three times the size of chicken. They should not be placed too tightly. In this case, good ventilation will be provided. From the first to the 15th day, the air temperature inside the incubator should be 37.5 g. Starting from the 16th day it is reduced to 37, 4 grams. Like chicken eggs, the goose eggs in the incubator should be aired and rolled at least twice a day.
Duck eggs
Artificial breeding of this young birddiffers in some features. The shell of duck eggs has very large pores. In addition, it is often highly polluted. As a result, a penetrating infection sometimes causes the death of the embryo. Therefore, during the incubation period, it is imperative to monitor the condition of the shell. If it darkens and becomes bluish or greenish, the egg should be removed. The germ in it has already died. The temperature for eggs in the incubator should be 37.7-37.8 ° C for the first 1-8 days. From 9 to 24 it is reduced to 37.4-37.3 ° C.
Helpful Tips
You now know how to lay eggs in the incubator, as well as what should be the microclimate inside it. Next we give some tips that may be useful to someone.
In order to measure the temperature onsurface of the egg, you can use the usual mercury thermometer. This procedure is very simple. The thermometer is positioned so that the mercury tank touches the surface of two eggs just below the air chamber.
Gender of newborn chicks can be determined bywings. The hens have primary feathers longer than opaque. Therefore, in the drawn wing alternate short and long osty. In males, they are exactly the same in length. Selecting an egg for an incubator, it is necessary to carefully probe its sharp end. It is believed that if it is slightly rough and there is a characteristic lime ring on it, a chicken is likely to hatch from it.
When breeding large numbers of chicks on the farm, they are sorted. At the same time chickens are divided into several groups:
- conditioned young animals (mobile, active);
- substandard (stable on the legs, but have a slightly enlarged abdomen);
- weak (inactive, sit with eyes closed, do not respond to sound);
- cripples (have physical defects).
The last two groups are recyclable.
In the fall in private farms youngsters withdrawrarely. However, it may be useful for someone to find out that at this time of the year it is not a bad idea to irradiate chickens with ultraviolet light. This stimulates the production of vitamin D by the body. For irradiation, PRK 2 mercury-quartz lamps can be used. They are located at a distance of about a meter from the brood above and periodically turned on for 5 minutes.
The goose egg incubator can be used forincrease their shelf life. In this case, pre-disinfection is carried out by soaking in a weak solution of potassium permanganate (at t 40 gr.). The eggs treated in this way are heated in an incubator for 5-6 minutes. (at t 38 gr). Then they are sealed in a plastic bag and placed in a refrigerator on the bottom shelf. In this case, eggs can be stored up to 30 days.
Independent withdrawal of poultry is not a matteras complex as it may seem at first glance. The main thing is to properly select and store eggs, as well as to observe the temperature and humidity conditions during the development of embryos. Flipping eggs in an incubator is also a necessary procedure.
