In any planning there is a planning subject - one who makes up any plan, and the object of planning is any operation on which the plan is drawn up.
To consider the types of planning, it is necessary to understand that several types are distinguished by the type of object:
- Production plan - it can be a balance sheet,marketing, which identifies all the timing of the implementation of processes, taking into account the cycles of manufacturing and loading equipment, as well as resource, where resource costs are planned.
- Military;
- Political;
- Education planning;
- Social;
- Traffic planning;
- Planning experiments;
- Planning training and other types of planning.
Also, the types of planning can becharacterized by the duration of the interval. Here distinguish between technical and strategic planning. Strategic is the development of a system or development of operations associated with a change in functions, in a structure or with the appearance of qualitative new characteristics. Operational or tactical planning determines the following opportunities: based on the strategy, tactics are developed and a quick decision is made in achieving the goals.
Когда возникает вопрос о планировании short-term, medium-term and long-term planning. Annual or short-term plans for a given technology produce products in a specific nomenclature. The medium-term plan says that there is a release of new products with technical new characteristics. This can be planning OCD, upgrading the processes of technology or preparing the production. Long-term planning carries a development plan and is the most problematic for today. The problem is that there is no specific direction for the fulfillment of the goal.
There are also types of planning for the subject:
- Optimal planning, where the implementation of plans is carried out, which carry the best semantic load, as well as mathematical models expressing the formulation of the optimization problem.
- Acceptable planning, here is planned the procedure for the functioning of systems based on the parameters that the structure has.
- Adapted planning, which is a dynamic planning, carried out on the basis of mathematical models with experiments. In this case, the plan is completely improved.
Also distinguish such types of planning, which rely on knowledge of the future:
- Deterministic planning, which suggests the future, this direction is very common.
- Probabilistic planning.
Planning can be dynamic andstatistical. In dynamic coordinates are calculated at each individual time. And in statistical planning, the components of the vector, where the state of the system is planned, do not depend on time.
From the point of view of planning activities, it can be directed as economic planning and management planning.
Planning is itself an object for whichspecial program-target planning is given. This planning means one of the types of plan in which activities are aimed at achieving the goal. If to speak in essence, then in every planning method lies the point of directing this method to achieve its goals. The target planning method in many countries has established itself as the most reliable and accurate. But in Russia the history of planning is carried out somewhat in other directions. Western approaches to plan development are not always appropriate for Russian conditions.
