Effective protection of the car against theft canensure the presence of several devices with different purposes, while they are united by one concept - the security complex. One of the important elements in this case are immobilizers. What it is will become clear from the further description.
Appointment
The car security complex includesmechanical protective equipment, alarm, staff immobilizer and means to alert the owner of the car. Most often, it is the alarm that takes over the protective functions. However, not the last role in all this is assigned to the immobilizer. If you want to provide the most reliable protection against theft, then you need to install several security devices that are independent of each other.
So let's consider immobilizers.What kind of devices it is will become clear if we determine their principle of operation. The ability to activate and deactivate such a device should be only one person, that is, the owner of the car. For these purposes, use the key immobilizer. There are models that support manual code entry, but their prevalence is not so great. The electronic code key is made in the form of a chip, during the manufacture of which a special cipher was inserted into it, which is long enough that the attacker could not pick it up in a short period of time. The chip is in a convenient case. Starting the engine of the car will be possible only when the owner inserts the device into a special socket to deactivate the immobilizer. If the system works with manual key entry, then its shutdown is possible only after entering the character sequence specified by the owner.
Principle of operation
Отвечая на вопрос: "Иммобилайзеры - что это?"It is worth noting that the principle of their work has not changed in recent years. Here we are talking about the presence of a break in the electrical circuits vital for the operation of the engine, and the key that it has is able to eliminate this gap. However, recently the electronics have greatly stepped forward, which made it possible to make certain adjustments to the operation of the device.
So, we continue to deal with this conceptas immobilizers. What is it, it will become more clear if we consider their device. Today they have an electronic unit through which adjustment and control functions of the device. Using a microprocessor, the key is authenticated, after which the necessary circuits are closed. In addition, firms engaged in the production of immobilizers, additionally offer a number of devices that increase the reliability of their work. These can be closing relays and fuel solenoid valves.
What is it for?
Иммобилайзер создан для предотвращения угона, even if the car is already opened. In the place of the breakdown of the electric circuit of the motor, a closing relay is installed, therefore the microprocessor checks the authenticity of the key, and then does not connect the circuits independently, but only sends a signal to the required electromagnetic switches. Only after that they turn on in the closed mode. Immobilizer becomes even more reliable only through the use of such relays.
If we talk about the fuel valve, it justcloses the fuel line. It is closed in a free state, so gasoline from the tank does not flow into the car's power system. But after the microprocessor adopts the correct password, the microchip sends a signal to the valve. When it is received, the fuel line opens. Some immobilizers (which we have already identified) can connect to various sensors, which makes them analogous to an alarm system. For certain models, there is the ability to control through the paging system.
Using the standard immobilizer unit and various additional devices described above, you can form an entire security complex for a car.
Types of fixtures
There are models on the market that differ in design features that affect not only the functionality but also determine the reliability of the entire system.
Devices requiring contact
Contact immobilizers assume managementby means of a key inserted into the well or brought to the counterpart of the lock. However, such systems are almost not used. They are characterized by a rather important disadvantage - the hacker knows in advance where they are located.
Contact immobilizer involves enteringspecial code by means of a key switch. The number of key combinations is such that it is impossible to pick up the cipher by going through different sequences. The number of combinations in such systems is 10 to the extent corresponding to the number of keys for dialing code.
Not requiring contact
Contactless immobilizers works bythe fact that the system receiving antenna is installed on the cabin trim, and the control process is carried out through a card or key fob This type is the most common. The fact that it is not clear where the immobilizer is located, provides more reliable protection in comparison with the others. However, there are better solutions.
Contactless Immobilizers with a small radiuscharacterized by the fact that the receiving antenna operates at a distance of no more than 10 centimeters. Landing in the car is accompanied by bringing a tag to the hidden device, which allows you to disarm the system by unlocking all the chains. If the offender sees exactly how the driver turns off the immobilizer, where he brings the key, then it will become clear to him that a certain protection is used in the car. This shortcoming of systems with a small radius of action is the main one. If the attacker sees where you want to bring the label, he understands where the receiving antenna is located. That is why the car is required to disarm the most imperceptibly.
Immobilizers that “protect in motion” allowstart the engine and start off, but then block all systems, and the car stalls. Such systems are very relevant in the case of robbery, when the driver is thrown out of the car, take the keys and documents. However, proper storage of the transponder allows it to remain with the owner. When the hijacker from the owner of the car separates a certain distance, the engine stalls.
How to stop a stolen car?
For this, too, will be useful immobilizers.What does it mean? The fact is that in their design there is a special type of lock. Blocked chains are not broken if the engine is not started. They will open only during its operation. Immobilizers are equipped with built-in relays to break the chains (usually 3 pieces).
Не так давно стали использоваться микроприборы в as special switches, controlled by the central unit through high-frequency signals and automotive wiring. They are difficult to find and neutralize, since the wires to them from the central unit do not go. Such a relay in appearance does not differ at all from an ordinary automobile one. Sometimes it is embedded in a safety block instead of a standard one, and it is almost impossible to distinguish them. Some systems can be equipped with a dozen of such immobilizers, that is, it will take quite a long time to search for them.
Such devices are still worth using.as additions to the alarm, and not its replacement. The meaning of their installation lies in the secrecy and invisibility to other people, and only the immobilizer is capable of this. "Kalina" and other models of domestic cars have long been protected from penetration into the salon with just such devices.
How to disable?
Sometimes it happens that the owner of the machine is requireddisable the immobilizer - in case of its malfunction or obstruction of the work of the installed alarm system, or for other reasons. This is best done in a specialized workshop, since independent intervention often becomes a source of additional problems - the car will cease to start.
Recommendations for use
- it is worth having not one key of immobilizer, but at least two: one should be in front of you, and the second one in case of an unforeseen situation
- The electronic device should not be hung in a common keychain;
- if you lose the key, you need to recode the system as quickly as possible;
- install immobilizer (VAZ you or another car - it is not important) is required only from authorized dealers;
- in order to recognize a transponder at the greatest possible distance, it is necessary to orient it with respect to the antenna plane in parallel.
When using non-standard installation diagrams, you can guarantee reliable vehicle protection.
