How to determine later or early ignition? Ignition timing adjustment

The ignition system consists of a sourceelectric power, coil, breaker or control unit, plugs and power cables. The purpose of this complex of devices is, at the right time, to ignite a mixture of air and fuel supplied to the cylinders of an internal combustion engine with a spark.

Types of launch systems

The complex of ignition mechanisms is divided into types according to the design features and principle of operation. So, ignition happens:

- contact;

- contactless;

- electronic.

The essence of the work

При поворачивании ключа стартер проворачивает crankshaft of the motor, the energy first from the battery, after it comes from the generator to the coil with a chopper and then goes along the power cables directly to the spark plugs.

Proper car ignition depends onconducted adjustments timer. The task of the coil is to accumulate and convert the low voltage current (12 V) to an increased value (about 30 000 V). The distributor, receiving the converted energy, makes it distribute to the candles, the latter using a spark ignites the mixture in the cylinders at a certain moment of the pistons movement. This scheme operates contact ignition.

Contactless start system

This view has an improved set of devices:

- coil with switch;

- current distribution device with a pulse sensor;

- A set of knock and pressure sensors.

The latter allow you to track the work of the motor and take measures for setting favorable operating conditions.

Electronic starting system

Electronic ignition is differentthe presence of an electronic control unit that is designed to control the process of ignition, fuel injection and adjust the advance angle. Here the electric current is accumulated and separated.

Electronic ignition makes it impossiblespontaneous change of parameters and makes the engine stable. Efficiency is also increased, and fuel consumption is reduced. Starting in the winter season will not be difficult, it will not be necessary to start the engine for a long time. Also, the development of optimal lead angles is generated automatically. No need to worry about the need for adjustments.

Early ignition

Both of these types are undesirable and negatively.affect the work process of the power plant. Early ignition of the air-fuel mixture occurs when the piston has not yet reached the recommended position. It is far from the top dead center.

In this case, the start of combustion and the released energyprevent the passage of the piston to complete the normal working stroke. Additional loads are created on the parts of the crank group. Bearings suffer overloads and become faulty much faster. To know how to determine later or early ignition, you need to familiarize yourself with the following signs of a start:

- characteristic ringing metallic sounds will be heard, indicating the development of elements of the crank;

- engine operation will be unstable and intermittent;

- when you press the accelerator, the engine will begin to choke and stall.

Later ignition of the mixture

Under the conditions of such a launch, the spark will begenerated later than required by the recommendations on the normal functioning of the motor. With this option, the piston may be already at TDC, and then the fuel will ignite. It does not have time to burn completely and give all the energy, as the piston makes a working stroke. In this case, the unburned mixture through the exhaust valves will fly into the exhaust pipe. To have an idea how to check the ignition, you need to monitor the manifestation of the following factors:

- motor power will significantly decrease;

- fuel consumption will significantly increase;

- overheating of the power plant and glowing exhaust manifolds are possible;

- formation of joint formations on the inner surface of the cylinder and elements of the connecting rod-piston group.

The question of how to determine later or early ignition, now does not put you in a dead end, but you need to know the basic structure and the action of the motor to identify problems at the hearing.

Starting diesel complex

В дизельных силовых установках нет свеч, distributors and coils, which has a contact ignition. Ignition occurs due to compression stroke. In this process, fuel is injected into the cylinder in a state of hygroscopic particles. When compressed due to heating, combustion occurs and the duty cycle.

The nozzles are responsible for the delivery of diesel fuel to the cylinders.and high pressure fuel pump. Plunger pairs for spraying are installed inside the nozzles. Early ignition on a diesel engine is determined by the same features with gasoline engines. For nominal operation, it will be necessary to adjust the injection pump so that the actuation of the plungers takes place within the recommended limits. To find out the response pressure of the pump, toone of the fuel pipelines must be connected to a pressure gauge. The quality of spraying depends on the state of the nozzle plunger pair. If the constituent elements of the injector are in an unsatisfactory condition, this will necessarily affect the performance of the power plant. To adjust the nominal values ​​of the injection, instead of pipes to the pump connect transparent plastic tubes. When cranking the crankshaft according to the marks, it will be shown in which position of the pistons fuel is supplied.

How to install the ignition

Setup should be done when idlemotor. Required to prepare a set of necessary keys (13 and 38). After that, the dismantling of candles is performed and their condition is inspected. Normal electrodes are reddish in color. If the color is dark, you need to change the air filter and clean the spark generating elements. It is necessary to install the piston of the first cylinder in TDC by turning the crankshaft. It will be necessary to combine marks on the block and flywheel. There are symbols of TDC and NMT. There are three marks on the block, meaning ignition advance of 10, 5 and 0 degrees. For normal operation, the lead angle should be 5 degrees. After performing these manipulations, carry out installation of candles, cleaning of keys and other devices that are not related to the work of the power plant. It should be borne in mind that the engine cylinders do not act one by one, but have a well-defined pair order of work. If the first piston is reduced to a compression stroke, then its partner — the third or fourth cylinder — is in the same condition.

How to adjust the moment of triggering candles

For this you need pins with a light bulb and a key,to loosen the mount distributor. One pin must be connected to the low voltage wire of the coil, and the second to the ground. The lamp will function as a voltmeter.

Turn the key in the lock you need to produceignition on. The case of the distributor will need to be turned in the clockwise direction until the lamp ceases to glow. The spark will indicate the moment of ignition. After that, you need to turn the body in the opposite direction until the lamp shines again. Now you need to do the mounting operations, and this setting is considered complete. Now to figure out how to determine later or early ignition, no problem.

Is it possible to install an electronic control unit

It is possible to install suchdevices on cars with contact type ignition. On such improvements will need to spend money, but the resulting effect will recoup all costs. Installation of the unit will allow:

- reduce noise;

- increase the service life of the motor;

- use gasoline with different octane number without harm to the power plant;

- to achieve an increase in traction and power characteristics;

- increase efficiency;

- reduce fuel consumption;

- Comply with environmental requirements (reduced emissions of harmful substances);

- track the parameters of the engine.

When using such a unit, it is not necessary to think about how to determine the ignition later or earlier; everything will be done automatically.

Contactless start type setting

Identification of problems occurs in the conditions of movement of the car with a warm engine.

When the car will accelerate, you need to sharplygive gas, then you will hear the sound of the piston pins, continuing for the time it takes to accelerate. If this happens longer, you need to rotate the distributor body from left to right by one degree. In the absence of a detonation sound, the body will need to be turned in the opposite direction by a similar amount. The duration of the detonation should be within two seconds. The accuracy of the settings carried out may depend on the health and normal operation of the fuel system and the air filter, which changes every 10 thousand kilometers.

So, we figured out how to determine later or early ignition.