The nozzle is a fuel metering device. Also in its function is to make the air-fuel mixture and spray it in the combustion chamber of the engine.
To understand where the injector is in the car, you need to know in which fuel system it works.
Central injection nozzle
Where in the car nozzle system centralinjection (single injection)? It is located in the intake manifold itself (or the manifold, through which fuel flows from the carburetor to the engine cylinders) before the throttle valve, which is indispensable for adjusting the air supply to the system).
Эта первая инжекторная система, призванная replace carburetor engines. It has only one nozzle for 4 cylinders (which is why it is called "single injection"). The nozzle sprays fuel over the throttle valve, which enriches it with air. This mixture then enters the intake manifold and is distributed to the cylinders. The whole process is monitored by various sensors.
Distributed injection nozzles
Where in the car to find distributed nozzlesinjection? This system is more complicated. It has 4 nozzles equipped with solenoid valves. They are located in the intake tracts of the cylinders, one for each.
Nozzle feeds petrol to intake valvecylinder. The fuel evaporates and mixes with air (the same throttle valve is responsible for its supply). Unlike single injection, here the fuel mixture is formed in the cylinders themselves.
The operation of the injectors is controlled by an electronic control unit. It is the signal indicator Check Engine on the dashboard in case of problems with the engine.
Direct injection nozzles
The direct injection system is the most"young" regarding the use of cars. Where in the car there are nozzles of this system, it is easy to guess. They are completely "stolen" to the combustion chamber and are located at the top of the cylinder. Accordingly, the fuel enters directly into the combustion chamber and is already mixed there with air. A multitude of sensors are responsible for the operation of the nozzle, information is fed to the control unit.
The operation of the nozzle in this system is much more difficult: the pressure for fuel supply is much higher, and for a sharp increase in the speed of the car at low revs double fuel injection is triggered.
In this engine, there are two types of mixing. Accordingly, the nozzles can operate in two modes:
- Layer-by-layer mixing occurs when the engine is running at low and medium engine speeds (the injector delivers fuel at the end of the compression stroke).
- A homogeneous mixture of air and fuel is needed at high revs (here the nozzle is activated during the intake stroke simultaneously with the air supply).
In both cases, there is a significant fuel economy with high efficiency.
Gas nozzles
Cars drive not only on gasoline ordiesel fuel, but also on gas. As a rule, a gas installation is optional equipment in a car, not provided by the manufacturers. Conventional fuel injectors for this device are not intended. Therefore, complete with a gas cylinder and gearbox are their own nozzles that are mounted in the engine.
To find where in the car are nozzlesgas equipment, just open the hood. They are a plastic block of four sections (the nozzle is located inside each) with hoses connected to them. This design is mounted as close as possible to the standard nozzles.
Differences gas nozzle from gasoline:
- The width of the gas section is several times larger, since a larger amount of fuel passes through it than through gasoline.
- The greater electrical resistance of the gasoline nozzle due to the need to skip a smaller amount of fuel.
- The principle of controlling the injection of a gasoline nozzle is reduced to the supply of a single electric pulse, while the gas one is triggered by two short pulses.
How and why to regulate gas injectors
After installing gas equipment ECUIt is necessary to "explain" how to calculate and supply gas. To do this, use a special adjustment program. They are similar in interface. Can be used both independently and in specialized services.
Cleaning and adjustment of gas nozzles coststo carry out after some time of operation, if symptoms of their incorrect operation have appeared: the car hardly starts, refuses to drive on gas (stalls or drives in spurts). Most often they occur due to impurities that are added to gas at gas stations.
To get rid of the problem, you need to change the fine filter and put the nozzles in order.
Determine where in the car there are nozzles HBO, remove them. The epicenter of the blockage is located in the chamber with the stem. We disassemble it, clean it (preferably with alcohol) from adhering resin, then assemble it back.
Using a micrometer, we calibrate the gaps of each rod (they should be the same for all four). If there is no such device, you can contact the service for repair of HBO.
