Trucks created on the Kama AutomobileThe plant, known to all because of its high power, good maneuverability and versatility. This was achieved with the help of high-power engines and transmission systems. We will not consider the device of the entire transmission, focus on the cardan transmission. Let's consider the KamAZ driveshaft, its device, and also learn how to properly repair and change it.
Cardan gear in cars "KAMAZ"
This system serves to transfer the rotational energy.from the drive shaft of the gearbox or the shaft of the transfer case to the shaft located on the drive axle. Cardan gear is used when you need to transfer torque, if there are different angles and distances between the shafts.
So, the chassis on three axes is the rotational energy ortorque to the rear, as well as the intermediate shaft is transmitted using one common shaft. The intermediate bridge in this case is a checkpoint. And the rotational energy to the rear axle shaft is transmitted through an additional shaft.
So, the driveline in this case consists of two shafts.
In addition, this transmission transmits energyrotation on bridges, it also gives torque to other mechanisms. This may be, for example, a winch drive. Also, these vehicles use the KAMAZ universal drive shaft.
On those of the models on which the characteristics of cross-country ability are increased, the driving front axle is installed. Cardan joints are also used there.
How is the cardan transmission?
Cardan shaft "KAMAZ", as well as cardan joints- this is how this program is arranged. There is nothing difficult. Any hinge in this mechanism has in its design a fixed or sliding plug, a fork flange, as well as crosses, which are mounted in the ears of the forks. Crosses planted on needle bearings. These bearings have seals so that the grease does not get out and do not come out of the cage. For this purpose, two special radial control glands are used - they are built into the bearing, as well as ordinary glands. Even as a seal used two-lip seal for the mechanical seal.
If the leading fork rotates evenly, thendriven as uniformly rotate will not. As long as the KamAZ driveshaft makes one turn, the driven fork will double the lead drive and will lag behind it for the same two times.
This is one of the reasons for increased loads.on the design and main components of the main transmission in the transmission system, differential, wheels and axles. So significantly increases the wear of important components and parts.
Cardan transmission is necessary to preventthis wear. But this transmission has special hinges at the two ends of the shafts. If you use forks for two hinges on the cardan shaft within the same plane, the uneven rotation that the first hinge of the cardan drive creates will be able to align with the speed of rotation of the second hinge.
Cardan transmission on models 4310 and 43105
In these models, the wheel formula - 6 * 6.Also, these cars are distinguished by the presence in the design of sequential drive through the rear axles. The transmission here consists of four shafts. This is the main shaft “KamAZ” - between the gearbox and transfer case, the intermediate drive shaft, and the shaft to the front axle. A through-shaft is installed in the intermediate bridge, which transmits rotational energy to the rear drive axle through a system of shafts and hinges.
The device driveline on the "KAMAZ" 5320
On these models of heavy-duty machines, the KAMAZ drive-shaft drives the front one to the middle drive axle, as well as the rear one.
They are connected through the middle bridge, which works as an intermediate support.
Each gear has in its designdirectly shaft, also the front hinge, which is connected by spline joints. Buildings hinge has a flange connection to the drive shaft center differential.
Propeller shaft device
Drive shaft design usedmovable spline joints. They allow you to provide the necessary changes in the length of the shaft at the moment when the car is moving. So that this spline joint can be reliably protected from the effects of dirt, dust and water, it is sealed. A special internal cavity is used for lubrication. It is securely rolled to prevent grease from leaking out. Also used for additional sealing rings made of rubber and felt.
These shafts are produced and assembled in such a wayso that those nodes that will not move, as well as sliding parts could be located within the same plane. For this purpose, special arrows are stamped on the shaft sleeves, as well as on the sliding forks. For proper operation, it is necessary that these arrows are aligned after assembly.
Maintenance and repair of KamAZ drive shafts
To driveline and all its elementsworked smoothly, you should regularly check the tightness of all connections. When carrying out maintenance, they usually tighten all the bolts on the flange mounts on the shafts.
Also, during prolonged use, needle bearings and crosses of the neck may be subject to wear. All this is accompanied by accelerated wear of the seats in the forks and spline connections.
When servicing parts and transmission units, one should carefully check the backlash in the hinges and eliminate them.
On the drive shafts mounted hinges. They require regular maintenance and lubrication. To do this, the design provides grease nipple.
Typical malfunctions
Repair of KamAZ drive shafts canIt is necessary if during movement characteristic knocks are heard at the moment of a sudden change in driving mode. Frequently, vibrations in these mechanisms are a consequence of the use of shafts on which balancing is violated. This may be caused by wear of the hinges at the joints. Repair is also required for various deformations of the shaft tube, loss of the balancing plates, and incorrect installation.
Loose joints often lead to the appearance and then an increase in the gaps between the flanges, the development of holes and the breaking of bolts.
Malfunctioning crosses
Exceeded margin of safety can most oftenIt will be reflected in such details as the crosspiece of the KamAZ drive shaft. These nodes are quite sensitive to all sorts of contact voltage. If the spikes of the parts have insufficient hardness, then sooner or later, dents from the bearings will form on the surface. This may be expressed in the non-parallelism of the hinge supporting surfaces. The lack of parallelism will very quickly destroy the hinge. These faults can then lead to the complete destruction of the spider. Then an accident could happen.
Replacing the cross of KamAZ drive shaft
To replace this part will need some tools. These are open-end wrenches, as well as socket wrenches, screwdrivers, a lubricating syringe, a hammer, a metal brush, a tip made from copper or aluminum.
If all the tools are in stock, then you can start the replacement work. Also not superfluous in this work will be the help of a neighbor in the garage. The first step is to disassemble the drive shaft.
How to disassemble the driveshaft?
Find a pit or overpass.Then, using the appropriate key, twist the two bolts that secure the outboard bearings to the transverse supports. Then unscrew the nuts securing the shaft to the shank on the rear axle. It is necessary to purchase a set of suitable nuts. It often happens that you have to shoot down the nuts with the help of force and coarse methods.
Then you can proceed to the dismantling. Do not forget that you need to set labels on every detail.
This is done in order to better remember the place where a particular node was installed. If you mount the shaft wrong, then the beating will be ensured.
После того как все метки проставлены, можно go to replace. First remove the clips or retaining rings and install the gimbal so that the rings are at the top. Next, using a hammer and mandrel, knock out the cup. Beat neatly. Do not make excessive efforts. With all the other cups you need to do the same.
The next step is to clean the eyes. Now you can also thoroughly lubricate. The grooves for the locking rings must also be lubricated.
DIY Replacement
The most difficult thing here is the correct installation of the new cross in its place. And to collect the shaft is easy. Be sure to use a lot of grease when assembling.
In order to install the crosspiece correctly,It is recommended to remove two opposite cups, and then fill the new part into the lugs. Then you need to move the part to the side and at the same time put on the cup.
Work carefully, otherwise there is a risk of spilling the needles out of the bearing sleeve.
Next you need to collect everything in reverse order. The main thing - attention, accuracy and lubrication.
Replacing the KamAZ drive shaft
How to disassemble the shaft, already written above. Everything is done according to this principle, but instead of a worn or deformed shaft, a new one should be installed with replacement of grease and seals.
It is worth noting that when assembling it is not recommended to use a hammer, but you should use a hand press.
It is recommended to perform the replacement on a completely new KamAZ drive shaft. Dimensions of parts that are sold in stores, fully suitable for most modern models.
Do not place used parts.
With this replacement, there are certain risks.Buying already used shafts, it is impossible to know how good they are. To minimize this risk, one should make sure that there are no backlashes and no beatings in the part, as well as other possible problems.
The importance of balancing
The shafts in the driveline are imperfect. They may have different imbalances.
So, we figured out what the driveline is in the KamAZ, and how to replace it with your own hands.
