The main clinical signs of diseasehemopoiesis and blood can have symptoms of a general nature and are more specific in the presence of certain diseases. All diseases of the human blood are accompanied by common symptoms, which include general weakness, increased fatigue, severe pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, dizziness, which are determined in almost all patients with blood diseases and gradually progress. More specific symptoms: increased bleeding, enlarged lymph nodes, bone pain, jaundice of the skin, fever, itching, pain in the right upper quadrant, trophic disorders of the skin, hair and nails. These symptoms also determine the blood diseases in children.
Increased body temperature over 38 ° C oftenis observed in acute leukemia, lymphosarcoma, myeloma, lymphogranulomatosis. The change in temperature is due to the pyrogenic effect of decay products of the main blood cells - red blood cells and leukocytes. Subfebrile temperature occurs with hemolytic and B12- and folia-deficient anemia. Fever is often the result of ulcerative necrotic and inflammatory processes, the development of which is associated with a secondary infection that accompanies the development of acute and chronic leukemia.
Increased bleeding characterizes manyblood diseases. Symptoms of increased bleeding are associated with a decrease in platelet blood levels in the blood, certain protein factors involved in blood clotting, or with damage to the vascular wall. There is increased bleeding with the appearance of hemorrhagic rashes on the skin and mucous membranes after light bruises or even ordinary pressure. Patients often have bleeding from the nose, gums, digestive tract, lungs, kidneys, uterus.
Enlarged lymph nodes orLymphadenopathy is the next sign that accompanies blood diseases. Symptoms of lymphadenopathy allow suspected chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis, and lymphosarcoma. At the same time, these symptoms can talk about the development of an inflammatory process in the lymph nodes or tumor metastases.
Pain in the bones and especially pain in the sternum - almostthe main symptom of leukemia. The pain occurs as a result of the growth of the bone marrow in the flat bones with hemoblastoses. It can be spontaneous or appear when tapping on flat bones containing the red bone marrow, in which the hematopoiesis occurs. Long pain in the lower back can occur in patients with myeloma. With this blood disease, fractures of the bones are especially characteristic with insignificant strains.
Loss of appetite and emaciation are typical of manydiseases of the blood system. When iron deficiency anemia is often observed distortion of taste and smell, which is manifested in the propensity to consume chalk, earth, coal. Painful smells of paints, gasoline, ether, solvents seem pleasant to patients.
Jaundice coloration of the skin and mucous membranes oftenaccompanies some blood diseases. Symptoms of icterus are especially typical for a group of hemolytic anemia. It should be remembered that this symptom is often observed in diseases of the biliary system and liver.
In patients with lymphogranulomatosis, chroniclymphatic leukemia, erythremia often has intense itching. Often, it is the first symptom of the disease, when other subjective signs of the disease are still absent.
Iron deficiency often determines someblood diseases. Symptoms of iron deficiency lead to a deficiency of enzymes containing iron, impaired synthesis of hemoglobin molecules. Clinically, this is manifested by the appearance of trophic changes in the skin, hair and nails - dryness and thinning of the skin, hair loss, brittle nails.
