Against the background of a long-term arterialpressure without proper therapy, there are various complications, including hypertensive angiopathy of the retina. To a category of more serious complications it is possible to rank myocardial infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, etc.
The main stages of hypertensive angiopathy of the retina
The disease develops with prolonged arterial hypertension.
Hypertensive angiopathy of the retinal vessels suggests the presence of several stages:
- Changes at the functional level.They are characterized by the widening of a number of veins and narrowing of the arteries, as a result of which microcirculation of blood is disturbed. At this stage, the pathological process is not pronounced and can be detected only when examining the fundus.
- Organic processes.When moving to this stage, the structure of the walls of the vessels changes. They become denser and are subsequently replaced with a connective tissue. Thickening of the walls provokes insufficient blood supply to the retina. At this stage, the manifestation of the disease becomes more noticeable. There is a small puffiness of the retina, hemorrhages are often visible. When examining a specialist, narrowed arteries and enlarged veins become noticeable, which become branched. There is a gloss of blood vessels, which is explained by the condensation of the walls.
- Angioretinopathy.Violation of the blood circulation reaches a critical index, which provokes the emergence of a soft or hard consistency on the bottom of the fundus of exudate. It is a liquid containing proteins, erythrocytes, leukocytes, minerals and microbes that provoke inflammation. At this stage, there is a significant deterioration in vision, there is a possibility of full blindness.
Symptoms of the disease
As a rule, hypertonic angiopathy of the retina affects both eyes simultaneously. The disease can occur in people of any age, but is often observed in patients after 30 years.
Hypertensive angiopathy of both eyes is characterized by a number of symptoms:
- periodic violation of the clarity of vision (triggered by pressure jumps);
- slight deterioration in the ability to see (with organic changes);
- significant visual impairment or blindness in angioretinopathy;
- yellow spots on the eyes (fat deposits);
- pain in the eyes;
- presence of blood in the urine;
- articular pain when walking;
- nosebleeds.
Diagnostics
Angiopathy of the retina in the hypertensive type is diagnosed by an ophthalmologist. They resort to the use of X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound.
As a rule, a condition survey is conductedeye bottom with an indispensable dilatation of the pupils. To further refine the diagnosis, it is possible to use contrast study of vessels through fluorescent angiography, which fairly clearly reflects all pathological processes.
Also, according to the doctor's prescription, apply:
- ultrasound dopplerography of the eye vessels;
- ophthalmodinamometry (measurement of blood pressure in the arteries and veins of the retina);
- rheophthalmography (graphic recording of blood circulation in the eye).
These methods make it possible to identify abnormalities in the vessels, which may be needed when drawing up a plan for further therapy.
Treatment
Hypertensive angiopathy belongs to the category of systemic diseases, therefore it requires an integrated approach to treatment.
In the overwhelming majority of cases, whenhypertensive angiopathy of the eye can not do without the use of medicines. As a rule, drugs that optimize blood circulation, normalize the supply of nutrients to the retina, reduce prothrombin. It can be various medicines in the form of tablets, drops and vitamins.
What drugs are prescribed?
Angiopathy according to the type of hypertension is treatedophthalmologist, cardiologist and neuropathologist. Since the basis of the disease is arterial hypertension, then the treatment is concluded in the reduction of pressure. In the case of a violation of blood circulation, funds may be prescribed for vasodilation. For example, an ophthalmologist can prescribe medications such as Mildronate, Trental, Solcoseral. Eye drops "Taufin", "Emoxifin" and vitamins "Lutein Complex", "Anthociae Forte" and others can also be used.
If hypertensive angiopathy of the eye causedincreased vascular fragility, doctors prescribe calcium dobesilate, which optimizes blood microcirculation in blood vessels, normalizes their permeability and reduces prothrombin.
In severe course, the patient is shown hemodialysis, whose goal is to cleanse the blood.
A great benefit in the treatment have moderate physical exertion, funds that help improve the state of the cardiovascular system.
In addition to medical treatment, laser therapy, magnetotherapy, and acupuncture are indicated.
There is also a special device -"Sidorenko glasses", which are used to optimize the view in the home. They provide a whole range of procedures: phonophoresis, pneumomassage, color therapy.
Compliance with diet
How is hypertensive angiopathy stopped? Treatment involves mandatory compliance with a diet that helps reduce the cholesterol in the patient's blood.
The fluid intake should be limited.Products that include salt and cholesterol should be excluded from the diet. Recommended use of vegetables, fruits, fish, dietary meats, vegetable oils and dairy products.
The use of folk remedies
When treating such a disease ashypertensive angiopathy of the retina of the eye, folk methods have a high degree of effectiveness. First of all, the vessels are cleared of cholesterol and salt. This effect can be achieved by applying a decoction of mountain ash, black currant, fennel seeds and parsley. Also very effective are various herbal preparations.
- Take 50 g of yarrow, leaves of lemon balm andthe roots of valerian (15 g each). All thoroughly crushed and poured 1 tbsp. water. The mixture is infused for 3 hours in a cool place. Then, for 15 minutes, boiled in a water bath, cooled and filtered. For a day should use a glass of infusion. The course of treatment is 3 weeks.
- Used St. John's wort and chamomile in equalamount (100 g each). The mixture is poured into two glasses of boiling water, it is infused for 20 minutes and filtered. Half of the broth is drunk in the evening (eating and drinking after this is forbidden), and the second half in the morning on an empty stomach. You should repeat the procedure until the remedy is complete.
- Infusion based on white mistletoe. One tsp.Grinded grass is poured 1 st. hot boiled water and insists in a thermos during the night. Drink infusion twice a day for 2 tablespoons. l. within 3-4 months.
It should be noted that before using herbal fees should consult with a specialist.
Prevention of disease
How to prevent the development of a disease such as hypertensive angiopathy of the retina? Treatment will not be required if you take some preventive measures.
The main condition is the correctload distribution to the eyes throughout the day. When working at a computer or watching TV it is recommended to take breaks in the length of an hour, perform special exercises. When working with a PC, special glasses are used. This will help reduce the burden on the eyesight and protect them from dryness and tension.
Also it is necessary to observe your arterialpressure. In particular, one must be careful of people who have a genetic predisposition to this disease. The correct daily routine and periodic consultations with a cardiologist will help prevent the development of hypertension.
Compliance with the daily routine
First of all, it is necessary to pay attention toLifestyle. In the daily routine, it is advisable to include physical exercises (gymnastics in the mornings and periodic warm-ups). Excellent results are given by cycling walking and easy running.
It is necessary to monitor the state of the nervous system, do not overload it, resist stress, do not overwork, monitor the duration of sleep, adjust work and rest.
Science has proven that people leading a calmlifestyle and receiving positive emotions are less likely to suffer from hypertension and angiopathy even in the presence of an unfavorable genetic factor. Therefore, the best prevention in addition to a healthy lifestyle is a favorable atmosphere in the family and at work.
Prognosis of the disease
The prognosis of angiopathy caused by hypertension largely depends on the time of treatment started and the stabilization of blood pressure.
Against the backdrop of long-term hypertension without proper treatment, serious complications can subsequently occur, leading not only to a deterioration in the ability to see, but also to blindness.
If therapy is started on time, vascular changes can be stopped and completely regenerated after the pressure stabilization.
Hypertensive angiopathy requiresurgent treatment. Moreover, constant jumps of blood pressure are the reason for seeking help not only for the cardiologist, but also for the ophthalmologist, who will prescribe the necessary examinations and will assess the state of the vascular system.
Conclusion
Hypertensive angiopathy of the retina is a serious disease that can cause complications. With untimely treatment, the ailment can lead to even a complete loss of vision.
The main cause of the disease isincrease in blood pressure. To achieve maximum effectiveness of therapy, you should contact a specialist in a timely manner. When the condition is neglected, the disease becomes chronic.
In the treatment of drugs used to improve blood microcirculation in the retina. Tablets, drops and ointments can be used.
