Among other pathologies of the visual organsEspecial attention deserves detachment of the retina. The disease is severe, consists in the gradual retreat of the retina from the choroid, then if the eye shell is rich in blood vessels. Such a problem can cause a strong decrease in the ability to see up to complete blindness.
General idea of the disease
Normal vision is ensured by the usefulnessfunctioning of all tissues, organ systems. The retina should be extremely dense relative to the choroid, since it is from here that the tissues feed - their own blood vessels supplying oxygen, nutrient components, are not in the tissue. The detachment of the retina leads to the impossibility of obtaining by structures all that is necessary for a full-fledged vital activity. Pathology is one of the most problematic in modern ophthalmology. The disease is severe, requires surgical correction, but this approach is not always applicable, and predict the results probably not in 100% of cases.
As shown by medical statistics, treatmentretinal detachment in the last decade is required with a much greater frequency than before. On average, pathology affects one in ten thousand of the population. Among other reasons provoking a complete loss of vision, it is considered one of the most common. Often it becomes the basis for assigning the status of a disabled person. As can be seen from the analytical studies, only one third of patients have already crossed the age limit of retirement age, and other patients - absolutely workable before the development of pathology people.
What to do?
Treatment of retinal detachment is possibleexclusively surgically. No such medications have been developed that would allow conservative methods to reverse the process. Neither pills nor injections will help. Do not count on the methods of traditional medicine, unpatented biologically active additives, which, as the producers assure, are able to defeat any pathology. As soon as the diagnosis is formulated, it is necessary to record as soon as possible on the operation - this is the only way to preserve the vision.
Where did trouble come from?
The causes of retinal detachment can be understood ifpenetrate into the mechanism of pathology. Often the problem is provoked by excessive physical exertion, increased stress and a sharp mechanical effect on the eye surface. This kind of cause first initiates the formation of small defects, while the vitreous filling substance gets the opportunity to gradually shift under the retina. Over time, it is imperceptibly that it detaches in normal the tissues adjacent to each other. The greater the volume of matter seeping, the greater the detachment area, the harder the case.
In most cases, symptomsretinal detachment is observed only on one eye, although gradually the pathology has a negative effect on the visual system as a whole. If you suspect a disease, you should contact the doctor as soon as possible, who carefully examines both eyes.
Possible ways
It is known that the treatment of delamination is often requiredretina due to injury, injury, affecting the eye tissue. In this case, not only the retina suffers, damage can easily spread to other shells, tissues of the organ. Provoke degenerative changes can eye pathology. These include tumor processes, retinitis, retinopathy, uveitis, macular degeneration, associated with age-related changes in the body.
Sometimes the causes of retinal detachment symptoms indystrophic processes affecting vitreochorionthin on the periphery. This can cause a sharp decline in visual acuity. In a certain percentage of cases, the condition develops in an absolutely healthy person. To detect the disease, a Goldman apparatus is required, including a lens with three mirrors.
Risk group
More likely, detachment of the retinaperhaps if a person has received eye trauma or experienced a similar process on another organ of vision. The probability of a pathological process is increased if close relatives are ill with it, dystrophic disturbances in the eye tissues are revealed. The risk group includes people forced to constantly raise the severity, work at work, coupled with physical overstrain. The presence of any disease affecting the retina also increases the likelihood of detachment.
Attention to the state of the eye should be given to diabetics,athletes, especially practicing potentially dangerous types of sports activity - boxing, wrestling. The risk group includes all those who have myopia in progressive form, and also have astigmatism. Such health conditions are associated with a gradual decrease in thickness, which sooner or later can provoke detachment of the retina from the feeding tissue.
How to suspect?
Primary symptoms of retinal detachment are floatingpoints before the eyes, flies and lightning, sparks and flashes. Some describe what is visible as flakes of soot, shroud, curtains. With such a manifestation of visual impairment, many people recommend washing eyes with tea, but with detachment, this exercise does not do any good, as is the use of specific medications. This is the most appropriate moment to seek qualified medical help. It should pay attention to which side of the disease began to manifest itself before, what kind of "curtain" is felt. This will help the doctor formulate the features of the case more accurately.
Over time, retinal detachment symptoms includenarrowing of the field of vision and falling out of separate areas from the space covered by eyes. The subjects studied by the patient are distorted, the dimensions, the shape, the subjective vision are getting worse all the time. If the disease progresses quickly, a veil appears before your eyes. If the situation is accompanied by vascular lesions, there are spots, black flashes before the eyes, pain syndrome, a feeling of discomfort. The detachment associated with a hemorrhage affecting the vitreous body manifests itself as a spiderweb, spots that seem to float before a person.
Important point
Often, retinal detachment occursgradually disturbing the person during the day, the symptoms exhaust themselves during the night rest and in the morning the sight is perfectly normal. This feature is due to the ability of fluid accumulating between tissues to dissolve during rest, with the retina once again taking its natural position. After a few hours after awakening, unpleasant symptoms return.
The most dangerous cases are when the retinal detachment covers the lower parts of the visual organ. Symptoms are almost invisible, and the patient turns to the doctor when the case is already running.
Discover and win
Having discovered any of thesesymptoms, it should be as soon as possible to make an appointment with an ophthalmologist for the purpose of detailed instrumental diagnosis in hospital settings. Timely treatment allows revealing the processes of retinal detachment at the earliest stages. The operation may not be necessary if the patient has addressed really on time, or the intervention will be minimal. The main advantage of efficiency is the ability to preserve eyesight.
If a person has experienced craniocerebraldamage, and some time after that, these manifestations were recorded, one should not only come to the ophthalmologist for an examination, but also make an appointment with a neurologist to clarify all the circumstances of the condition. Usually, the eye area is examined using specialized drops that help to widen the pupil. As can be seen from the medical statistics, more often negative processes capture peripheral areas, since by nature the blood supply of this part is weaker than the central one. A correct full-fledged examination requires an indirect, direct ophthalmoscopy. Within the framework of such an event, all the features of the patient's eye fundus are examined.
Diagnosis: what and how?
To identify specific featuresa specific situation should be localized degenerative processes and detect gaps, to reveal their exact number. To clarify the patient's condition, points of localization of dystrophic disturbances are determined and they reveal what kind of connections there are in the flaking regions and vitreous body (if such are in principle present).
For confirmation, specification of the formulatedmedical examination is carried out additional studies. These involve the detection of visual acuity. It is known that with detachment the vision sits very abruptly, suddenly. In a greater degree, this is typical of the situation when the detachment is localized in the center. The doctor measures the pressure in the visual organs. Normally the parameter is standard, the deviations are peculiar to the patients who received the trauma, the stroke. To obtain more accurate information about the patient's condition, the perimeters of the visual organs are examined, visual fields are detected, ultrasound is prescribed if any of the more common techniques are not applicable in a particular case. Sometimes an additional study is performed by a laser tomograph. This exercise is necessary if it is necessary to clarify the condition of the nerve responsible for the visual organs.
What to do?
Operation with retinal detachment - the mosteffective and reasonable measure. There are no other effective therapeutic methods at present. Modern doctors have access to high-precision equipment, so minimally invasive intervention is performed, and the operation is not so terrible as it might seem. In many respects, the features of the procedure depend on the area affected by degenerative processes, on the magnitude of the defect and the complexity of working with it.
The most common types of operations are:
- sclerosing;
- retinopexy;
- vitrectomy;
- sealing;
- ballooning.
And if more in detail?
Sclerotherapy involves the use ofelectric current, laser. During the event, the exact location of the damage is identified and work is carried out to seal it. The tissue in this area forms a scar, so the liquid can not get to the retina. Retinopexy has similar features - in fact it is also sclerotherapy, but carried out by cryogenic methods or laser. The vitreous is filled with air, which helps the retina to occupy an anatomically correct position.
Vitrectomy is a technique in which scleratwo openings are created to illuminate the field, after which a tweezer, a radiator and a vitreous body are inserted. In its place is injected gas. After a while, these volumes naturally dissolve, and the area is filled with biological fluids.
Other options
Filling is the installation of such aplugs of silicone, attached to the sclera, which allows you to draw the sclera inside. This affects the position of the choroid, combining it with the retina.
Finally, ballooning is a surgical technique,implying the attachment of a catheter to the sclera with a balloon inflated with air. In this case, the effect is approximately the same as when installing a silicone seal.
Consequences: what causes the detachment?
The most negative variant of development is blindness.More terrible than this effect in ophthalmic disease there are no results. To prevent such a development of events, you should take the help of a qualified doctor as soon as possible. A timely operation helps to prevent the progress of degenerative changes, to return to normal the ability to see.
Progress pathology can be the causethe inability to see certain areas. Patients develop a veil before their eyes. In addition to loss of visual acuity, it becomes impossible to correctly identify the dimensions and shape of objects. If the pathology is accompanied by the formation of the macula, such a decrease in the ability to see is considered particularly dangerous.
How to warn?
If a person belongs to a risk group, thentreat your vision especially responsibly. Diabetics, as well as persons affected by eye trauma, head injuries, should monitor their health and regularly visit a preventive examination with a specialist. Similar examinations are also required for those who have dystrophic processes in the retina, astigmatism, myopia. A constant visit to the clinic will allow us to determine in time the onset of degenerative processes, which means that measures for its reduction will be much easier.
The risk group is also the woman bearing the fetus. It is known that childbirth provokes detachment of the retina.
To minimize the risk of illness, it is importanteat right and lead a healthy lifestyle. An adequate load-to-rest ratio should be observed. Not only visual, but also physical stresses associated with everyday life are taken into account. If possible, you should avoid weight, overload.
Anatomical features
A retina is a tissue that is normalthe apple covers the eyes on the inner surface. Among all the tissues forming the visual organ, the retina is the most delicate, tender. It perceives light impulses, forms on their basis nervous, which then enter the brain centers. Structural changes in this tissue always cause serious diseases, associated with the risk of blindness.
