Pathogens and bacteria haveproperty for a long time to stay and multiply in the foci of infection. An increase in their destructive effect on a person can be carried out without the presence of a carrier of the disease.
To combat this, a set of measures was developed, which has the name "disinfection" or "disinfection". What is disinfection and how it fights pathogenic microflora, we will understand further.
The concept of disinfection and its types
Microorganisms tend to multiply when exposed to factors favorable to them, and therefore create conditions that are dangerous to the human body.
Disinfection is a specially developed method.fight microbes to minimize their amount in the environment. Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely destroy the pathogenic flora and its disputes using the measures used, but it is possible to minimize their number.
Существуют три основных вида дезинфекции - prophylactic, final and current. These types of decontamination are used in various conditions - at home, in medical and school and preschool institutions, hotel complexes, trade and catering institutions.
What is a disinfection with a preventive purpose? With the help of these activities occurs the destruction of pathogenic flora to prevent the emergence of the source of infection.
Preventive disinfection spenddaily, regularly, using special disinfectants. After each procedure, specialized documentation is filled in which the time, place and the chemical used are recorded.
Disinfection in foci of infection
Заключительный метод дезинфекции основан на destruction of microbes at the site of the outbreak of infection after the patient is hospitalized. Most often, these activities are used in identifying dangerous infectious diseases:
- viral hepatitis;
- rotavirus infections;
- dysentery, salmonellosis and other intestinal infections;
- pediculosis;
- scabies.
Disinfection measures are carried out afterhospitalization of the patient representatives of the sanitary-epidemiological service. Also, final disinfection is required during the demolition of the building of the medical institution, its restructuring, redevelopment, and also mandatory in maternity hospitals, tuberculosis and infectious diseases hospitals.
Prevention measuresThe spread of the disease with an existing focus of infection is called current disinfection. Decontamination of material and household items with which a sick person is in contact is conducted in order to interrupt the possible ways of transmission of infection. It is carried out both at home and in medical institutions.
Decontamination methods
At the moment, there are such methods of disinfection:
- chemical;
- physical;
- mechanical.
When using mechanical disinfection, the object is cleaned from dust and dirt. This method can not be used as a method of choice, but it is included in the set of other activities.
Что такое дезинфекция, проводимая с помощью physical factors? This method is based on the use of high temperature and vapor mode, high-frequency currents, ultraviolet radiation. Often used in medical and sanatorium-type institutions for the destruction of microorganisms that are sensitive to high temperatures. With this method, not only small items are disinfected, but also mattresses, pillows, clothes and shoes of the patient.
Disinfection with chemicalThe method is based on the use of special active substances. These drugs are available in the form of solutions, powders, gels, soaps, capsules. Disinfectants are used for pouring, wiping, falling asleep items that need treatment, their immersion and irrigation. All items that can be treated with liquid means, irrigate or immerse in the solution. Those that are not exposed to liquids wipe twice.
Disinfection of premises
Room disinfection is not necessaryonly in medical institutions, but also in any general building. Daily struggle with pathological microflora minimizes the possibility of the appearance of the source of infection.
Most often, disinfection of premises is carried out withusing chemical agents in combination with the mechanical method and the use of ultraviolet. All the furniture that is in the room is treated, irrigated or wiped with a cloth moistened with a solution. The floor and walls are also carefully treated. If there is any transport in the room for transportation, for example, wheelchairs for transporting patients or carts for transporting vegetables, then all of them must also be handled.
In the conditions of medical and sanatorium facilities afterThe treatment carried out on the premises includes germicidal lamps. They are necessary to reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms in the air and on open surfaces.
Features of the use of chemical disinfectants
Средство для дезинфекции используется строго по SanPin requirements. A drug is chosen that has the least toxic effect on the human body and, at the same time, has the most destructive effect on bacteria. Most often, the products have a neutral odor and hypoallergenic properties.
Самым распространенным веществом считается bleach, however, when working with it is necessary to comply with individual security measures. It is advisable to prepare the solution immediately before use, and store it in a place that does not have access to sunlight.
The main groups of disinfectants
Depending on the active substance, which is part of, all disinfectants are divided into groups:
- Alcohol disinfectants - ethyl alcohol, methanol.
- Funds based on hydrogen peroxide - peroxide + katamin.
- Chlorine substances - chloramine, bleach, deactin.
- Peracetic acid derivatives.
- Funds based on QAC - benzalkonium chloride.
- Preparations for the chemical method - formaldehyde, alcohols, surfactants, halogens.
All drugs are more effective against microorganisms, but are not used to destroy their spores.
For more information about what disinfection is, you can use the regulated regulations of the sanitary-epidemiological service.
