Intramuscular injection is the mostcommon and easiest way to introduce drugs. However, if improperly performed, complications of intramuscular injections may occur, which can be avoided if manipulated correctly.
Features of the procedure
Careful preparation is necessary before the injection.It will not only allow you to competently make an injection, but also reduces the risk of complications. You should start with theoretical skills that allow you to put intramuscular injections. How to make a shot in the buttock and thigh? For convenience, the entire manipulation is conventionally divided into stages.
Этап 1.Equipment is being prepared for the injection. Prepare a syringe, drugs, alcohol, and 4 cotton balls or disposable alcohol wipes. Be sure to need a container in which the cotton wool and the syringe will be placed before the injection and after it.
Stage 2.Ampoule disinfection and a set of medication is carried out. An ampoule with medicine is taken and the inscription is carefully read, the volume, dosage, and shelf life are checked. Then the alcohol wipe is taken and the ampule is wiped at the opening site. Next, dialed medicine. During this, care must be taken that the needle does not touch the walls of the ampoule. After removing the needle from the ampoule, a cap is put on it.
Stage 3.The alcohol wipe is taken, and the injection site is processed by it, the direction from the center to the periphery. Then another napkin is taken, another treatment of the injection site, but of smaller diameter, is carried out. This is necessary in order to avoid complications of intramuscular injections in the form of inflammation.
Stage 4.A syringe is taken, the needle is lifted up and, without removing the cap, air is released from it. Then the cap is removed and a sharp movement, at right angles, the injection is performed. The drugs are injected slowly, with the same pressure force on the syringe plunger.
Step 5. After the injection of the drug, the needle is abruptly removed, an alcohol wipe is applied to the injection site.
Where to prick
To avoid complications, it is not enough to know exactly how intramuscular injections are carried out, how to do it right in the thigh, buttocks - this is no less important.
To perform an injection into the buttock it is necessary to "divide" it into four squares. The injection is made in the upper outer square.
For injection into the thigh, its front surface is also divided into four parts. The injection is made in the outer upper corner.
When an incorrect procedure is performed, various complications of intramuscular injections occur.
Infiltrate
Signs of pathology are the presence of a seal.and severe pain at the injection site. Infiltrates occur due to a violation of the method of administering drugs, when using underheated oil solutions, as well as with multiple injections in the same place.
In order to avoid infiltration, it is necessary to carefully select the place for injection, alternate the buttocks, as well as monitor the temperature of the injected drugs and correctly perform the manipulation.
If complications of intramuscular injections occurin the form of infiltration, it is necessary to attach a heating pad to the sore spot or to make a warming compress. Iodine net helps to accelerate the resorption of the seal.
Abscess
In violation of the rules of asepsis, an abscess appears.This is a purulent inflammation that has a clear boundary. Signs of pathology are pain, redness of the skin over an abscess with a clear boundary, as well as an increase in body temperature.
To avoid an abscess, you must follow the rules of asepsis. However, in cases where a complication has occurred, surgical treatment is prescribed by opening and draining the cavity.
Needle breakage
In rare cases, post-injection complications withintramuscular injections can be triggered by needle breakage. This is due to strong muscle spasm during the procedure, due to poor needle, and also because of the introduction of the needle to the cannula itself. To avoid needle breakage, it is introduced into the tissue to a depth of no more than 2/3 of its length. During the procedure, the patient must lie down.
If the needle is broken, then use tweezers to remove it. There are cases when a piece goes too deep into the tissue and cannot be reached. In this case, conduct surgical removal.
Embolism
Еще возможные осложнения при внутримышечной injections are air and oil emboli. The signs of pathology are similar. During the procedure, the oil or air enters the vessel and with the blood flow reaches the pulmonary vessels. As a result, suffocation occurs, resulting in the death of the patient.
Oily embolism occurs due to the ingestion of the solution into the vessel with intramuscular injection. To avoid this, during the injection should be injected solution two-step method.
Compliance with the rules of the introduction of drugs in / m helps to prevent air embolism, namely, to carefully expel the air from the syringe.
Nerve damage
If you choose the wrong injection site or whenthe needle passes near the nerve trunk, neuritis or paralysis of the limb may occur. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to carefully select the sites for injection.
Hematoma
Inaccurate intramuscular injection may cause hematoma. Prevention of education is the use of sharp needles for intramuscular injection and adherence to manipulation techniques.
Treatment of complications of intramuscular injections in the form ofhematoma occurs by applying an alcohol compress to the injection site. To speed up the resorption of hematoma, you can apply various ointments recommended by your doctor.
When performing an intramuscular injection, it is necessary not only to know the theory of the manipulation itself, but also to be able to apply this knowledge in practice. Compliance with all norms will avoid complications.
