Malformations of the cardiovascular system innewborns are due to very complex disorders in the laying of organs during fetal development and are accompanied by serious hemodynamic disorders, which, depending on the type and severity of the condition, can appear either immediately after a few hours after birth, or after a few years of life. Some congenital heart defects are incompatible with life, and need immediate surgical intervention. Otherwise, the child may die.
As a rule, today, heart disease hasnewborns are determined in utero while carrying on an ultrasound. Parents are immediately told how it threatens, and what measures will need to be taken after the birth of such a child.
There are many different classifications of malformations of the cardiovascular system in children. Here is one of them.
All defects are divided into two large groups:
- white (with left-right shunt), with these defects there is no mixing of arterial and venous blood .;
- blue (with the right-left shunt), when there is a mix of arterial blood with venous.
In turn, these groups are divided intoseveral other groups. So white defects include defects that are accompanied by blood overflow of the small circle of blood circulation, i.e. lungs (open arterial duct (OAD), atrial and interventricular septum defect (DMPP), ventricular septal defect), open atrio-ventricular junction, etc.).
They also include heart disease innewborns with depletion of the great circle of blood circulation, i.e. whole body, they include such a fairly common defect, as coarctation of the aorta (narrowing of the aorta).
Blue defects include congenital defects withoverflow of the small circle of blood circulation, these include the transposition of the aorta, the Eisenmenger complex, as well as defects with stealing of the small circle of blood circulation (Fallot's tetrad, etc.).
If the heart disease in newborns is notis found during pregnancy, then it is set subsequently by clinical manifestations. They can be the most diverse, but there are several clinical symptoms that accompany any defect.
Heart disease symptoms:
- acute or chronic heartinsufficiency, accompanied by dyspnea and cyanotic attacks, pallor, marbling or cyanosis of the skin, which is associated with chronic hypoxia of the child, pallor of the nasolabial triangle, the child poorly keeps body temperature, etc.
- cardiac symptoms develop a little lateras a child grows, they consist in complaints of heart pain, development of a heart hump is possible (since the chest of a newborn is very malleable), various heart murmurs are heard, and the configuration of the heart and great vessels is changed during research.
- respiratory failure, develops withany kind of vice. It is accompanied by a lack of air, the child suffocates, breathes heavily, the breathing rate is much higher than the normal respiratory rhythm. Sometimes there is a retraction of the soft areas of the chest during inhalation.
- further on, children with vices developchronic hypoxia, which manifests itself as a symptom of "drumsticks" on the phalanges of the fingers, a lag in the development of any part of the body, or the whole organism.
Absolutely always a heart disease in newbornsaccompanied by a heart murmur that only an experienced cardiologist can listen to, although many coarse and obvious noises can be heard by any pediatrician. When you go for a routine examination to the pediatrician, insist that he listen to the heart at least, not to mention the fact that it is necessary to measure body length, head circumference, respiratory rate, pulse and pressure. These are necessary basic examinations of the newborn.
