Why some diseases a person is not sicktwice? All due to the fact that he is developing immunity for a particular disease. There are not many such ailments. To protect the body from infection, vaccination is done.
A list of diseases that do not manifest themselves twice
There are such pathologies that a person is ill with only once in a lifetime:
- black pox;
- parotitis;
- rubella;
- chickenpox;
- measles;
- encephalitis and others.
How to protect against such diseases?
Many are concerned about why somethe person does not get sick twice, whether it is possible to protect himself from infection by them. Doctors singled out a few rules. If you adhere to them, it is believed that the risk of contracting diseases decreases. Among them are the following:
- It is required to ventilate the bedroom, as a person must breathe fresh air.
- You need to wash your hands, especially after coughing, transport, toilet.
- You should play sports.
- It is required to do the vaccination. It acts as a preventive measure against infection.
- It is necessary to strengthen immunity, use vitamins, eat right.
- In time, consult a doctor if the condition worsens.
The appearance of immunity after a disease
On the question of why some diseasesthe person is not sick twice, there is a simple answer: after the transferred pathology in the body, immunity is produced. The microorganism that provokes the disease has a unique antigen. Antibodies have the ability to recognize it. Cells, first encountering microbes, determine the antigens, and then produce antibodies against them.
Therefore, in case of infection with a virus, for example,chickenpox, the body begins the process of producing antibodies that can fight microbes. Subsequently, some antibodies will be lost, but they will leave in the cells memory, which will ensure a lifelong immunity to the pathology. In this case, chickenpox.
If a person is repeatedly infected with viruses,cells kill them, so the disease does not develop. Such memory should last a lifetime, but sometimes the work of the immune system is disrupted. In this case, a person is able to re-infect a disease. Especially often this is observed in:
- those people who suffer from immunodeficiency;
- who underwent organ transplantation, while immunity usually noticeably decreases;
- survived severe stress.
Vaccination
Существует специальная схема вакцинации детей, which should be followed in order for the child to be healthy. But at birth, he already has immunity to certain diseases, as the antibodies were transmitted to him from the mother. Such immunity does not last long, is temporary.
Vaccination is a special vaccine thatcreates artificial immunity. Apply in this case harmless antigens - part of the microorganism that provokes pathology. That is why a person does not get sick with some diseases twice. He develops lifelong immunity.
Measles vaccine
Measles is a very contagious disease.If a person contacts with a patient, the probability that he will get sick is 98%. This will happen, of course, if he has not developed immunity to measles. You can create it artificially, for this vaccination is done. The vaccine is prepared from live measles viruses, which have already been slightly attenuated. Enter it under the skin in the shoulder or shoulder blade area.
Vaccine against chickenpox
Chickenpox is chicken pox.In order to protect a person from infection with this pathology, vaccination is also carried out. It is very similar to the measles vaccine. In this case, the chickenpox virus is used in a weakened form. Doctors recommend a similar vaccination to all children aged 12 months. After some time, a child who has not yet had chickenpox must undergo a second procedure. It should be held at the age of 4 to 6 years.
When a vaccine like this is injected into the body,the immune system begins to react. Subsequently, the virus is destroyed, but proteins are produced that are able to fight the virus in the future. These are antibodies that do not disappear from the body, creating protection against the disease. Thus, a person has immunity to chickenpox.
Because of this, doctors strongly recommendcarry out similar procedures for children twice. But adults who have not been affected by this virus and have not vaccinated should also receive 2 doses to develop immunity.
Sometimes a child may have a reaction to the vaccine. This happens in those cases if he has experienced other serious illnesses. Therefore, you should first consult with your doctor.
