The alveolar process isanatomical part of the jaw. Such formations are found on both the upper and lower jaw. The appearance of the alveolar process resembles a sponge. Its height can be different, which depends on hereditary factors, age, previous diseases of the teeth.
Structure
The composition of the alveolar process includes the following elements:
- The outer wall, which includes the cheeks and lips.
- Internal, including tongue, jaw, teeth.
- The space between both walls is filledtooth holes from which teeth grow. Interestingly, the alveoli appear with the growth of the tooth and completely disappear after its loss. They are part of the jaw, and the top is covered with a cortical layer. In the X-ray image, it represents a dense line that is different from spongy tissue.
Process pathology
Correction of the alveolar process may be needed if this part of the jaw has undergone pathological changes. Among them are the following:
- Atrophy. It occurs for various reasons.If the doctor has determined atrophy, then before correction he must also perform alveoloplasty, the methods of which can be varied. The need for such a process is to increase the amount of bone tissue in the place where the operation will be carried out. Atrophy requires implantation.
- Wrong development. In some patients, doctors observe too large alveolar processes. In this case, their size decreases only in the process of surgical intervention.
- Fractures of the alveolar process.They can be full, partial and comminuted. Often this phenomenon is associated with a fracture of the teeth. Symptoms of the disease are bleeding, swelling of the affected area, swelling of the cheek, intolerable pain.
Diseases
The alveolar process is exposed to various diseases, as a result of which correction may be required. Consider the diseases in which the doctor may prescribe implantation:
- Partial destruction of the process.
- Defects resulting from various injuries. In addition, they can be the result of the removal of the tumor, if the patient once had it.
How is the correction performed?
Correction is carried out in the case when the alveolar process has been deformed. It occurs on both the lower and upper jaw. Do it with alveoplasty or other methods.
In some cases, the appendix is bumpynarrow and uneven. In this case, the used biomaterial is placed simultaneously on the bone surface and above it. Due to this, the doctor can give the bone the desired shape. During the correction, the incision of the periosteum and incision of the process mucosa may also be necessary. After that, the doctor prepares the bone (gives it the desired shape), and then puts the material used for implantation. The edges of the periosteum are stitched to get a more correct form. The whole procedure is carried out under local anesthesia. In addition, the doctor can remove excess, strands, overhanging edges. Reconstruction will occur without complications if, before and after the operation, the patient adheres to all the recommendations of his attending physician.
Ways to alveoloplasty
The jaw of a person is the part of the body thatquite hard to operate. After all, for a favorable result, it is necessary to maximize the patient's mouth, so in the process of work there may be some difficulties. Alveoloplasty occurs under the action of anesthesia, since this process is quite painful. There are only four ways to carry out the procedure:
- Perform correction inside the bone. However, the doctor can not immediately begin to plastic, because first he must do a vertical osteotomy, as well as the transposition of the bone walls.
- Implementation of the reconstruction by cutting the ridge of the process.
- Also plastic can occur on the surface of the stingray. It becomes an overlay.
- Osteotomy. It is performed by a surgeon by breaking the wall. The resulting space as a result of the operation is filled with a special biomaterial.
Thus, all four methods are implemented in different ways. However, their common goal is to increase bone tissue in that part of the jaw where surgical treatment will continue.
What is augmentation and why is it necessary?
Augmentation is a way to build bonejaws. The first is the increase in the height of the deformed bottom. This is due to bone blocks, as well as the implantation of artificial bone. This method is applicable in cases where the patient has lost teeth, which led to bone resorption.
The process is carried out in several stages.First, the surgeon must provide access to the bone hole of the tooth that was lost. It is filled with a special preparation of artificial bone. After that, the doctor sews up the wound. The integration of bone tissue can occur from one to several months. All this time the patient must be under the strict supervision of a physician. If any complications appear, another surgery may be required. If the bone tissue has a height of less than 10 mm, then during implantation the nerve, which is located in the lower hole, may slightly atrophy. To avoid this, the doctor must perform his transposition.
What happens after the correction?
After alveolar correction has occurredprocess, it is not recommended to overload the jaw of a person. Throughout the first week after the operation, you must go to your doctor, who will put on a periodontal bandage. After some time, kappa is applied. Dental implantation can be carried out no less than six months after plastics.
Thus, the correction of the alveolar process -This is an unavoidable procedure if the need for implantation of teeth. The process occurs quite quickly under local anesthesia. But in order to avoid complications, the patient must be under the supervision of a doctor for some time.
