In humans, the tricuspid valve is neededas a safety device, to exclude the reverse movement of blood. Placed on the line of separation of the right atrium and the corresponding ventricle. The valve structure consists of connecting plates. Violation of his work is dangerous to human life.
Structure
Tricuspid valve, according to the scientificliterature, also called tricuspid. When the heart moves, all processes occur synchronously. If an obstruction occurs in one of the departments, a slight temporary one, the body immediately senses, the state changes significantly. The state of health immediately deteriorates, it becomes hard to breathe and it is impossible to move.
Three-leaved valve is in the left partthe sternum. It is part of a pumping system for pumping blood. It is a kind of cap that opens under the pressure of the ejected blood. Closing occurs due to the reverse forces of the fluid automatically due to the pressure on the surface of the valves.
Incomplete closure of tricuspid valveoccurs due to relaxation of the heart muscle when it is no longer able to function normally. Due to the violation of the redistribution of internal pressures, tissues begin to break down, which as a result threatens the formation of heart disease. Some diseases become provocateurs of such pathology.
Body work
The tricuspid valve is part of the system.human blood circulation. A huge amount of blood goes from the heart to the aorta, passing through all the arteries and capillaries, it exchanges oxygen with the cells, and receives carbon dioxide. Along with this, there is a saturation of the decay products from the processed beneficial microelements and becomes dark in color. This blood is called venous.
Next comes the redistribution of the rightthe area of the heart, the further movement occurs in all the arteries of the lung, for oxygen enrichment. Tricuspid valve is not the only one that can block reverse current. It is necessary for the separation of joint work: left, right ventricles and atria.
The blood fills the left region of the heart, then fromAtria, it flows into the ventricle. After this circulation occurs in the large circle of blood circulation. Venous blood returns to the right atrium, then to the right ventricle and goes into the pulmonary circulation. After oxygenation, the cycle of the large circle is repeated again through the left atrium and ventricle.
Valve functions
Since the left and right parts of the heart worksynchronously, it is required to block the reverse current between departments in time. After all, blood circulation occurs cyclically: the moment a fluid enters the ventricle occurs, then a powerful discharge of blood into the aorta follows. Valve system does the right job:
- Located in the left region of the heart is referred to as mitral.
- Tricupidal
- Valve in the artery of the lungs.
- Aortic, as the largest system fuse.
Врачи используют определение регургитация, denoting the phenomenon of blood flow in the opposite direction through the valves. To prevent this from happening, the blockers listed should work on time according to the following rules:
- The mitral valve is open only at the momentpumping blood from the left atrium to the corresponding ventricle. Closes with the release of accumulated fluid in the aorta. In the structure of the valve there are two wings.
- The tricuspid aortic valve closes the passage between the right atrium and the corresponding ventricle. Work similar to mitral. The building has three doors.
- Pulmonary refers to the area between the pulmonary trunk and the right ventricle. It serves to overlap the reverse current at the time of relaxation of the heart muscle.
- Aortic located in the output channel of the left ventricle. It blocks backflow of blood from the aorta at the time of relaxation of the heart muscle. It consists of three semilunar valves.
The development of heart defects
Tricuspid valve insufficiency leadsto the formation of blood regurgitation or its return duct from the atrium to the ventricle. This occurs at the time of systole (exit of the right ventricle). The relaxed flaps bend under the pressure of blood.
Such a condition may occur during mechanical blockage of the aorta. Most often, patients acquire the disease during life. But there are examples of congenital heart defects.
Forms of pathologies
Violation of the valves occurs for the following reasons:
- The lack of essential trace elements in the body, which determine the density and elasticity of the tissues that form the valve plate.
- Violation of the functionality of the tricuspid valve may occur due to a malfunction of the adjacent parts of the heart.
Due to the stagnation of blood in the body occursincomplete closure of the tricuspid valve of the heart. May lead a person to a state of incapacity. Hypertrophied atrial walls are formed due to dilatation (expansion) of the right ventricle. From here, congestive processes are formed in the arteries and veins.
Pathology can be detected by internal sensations and by swelling of a vein in the neck at the moment of pushing blood from the heart. Venous pressure usually rises. The liver is greatly enlarged.
Causes and symptoms
Among the established causes of the weakening of the tricuspid valve are the following:
- Carcinoid syndrome.
- The effects of advanced rheumatism.
- With endocarditis of infectious origin.
- Mechanical damage to papillary muscles or chord rupture.
- The effect of myocarditis.
- After cardiomyopathy.
- The consequence of severe thyrotoxicosis.
Врожденные патологии часто возникают совместно с other deviations in the structure of the heart. Tricuspid stenosis can lead to chest invasion, which the doctor detects by palpation. Also, when listening to heartbeats, significant noises occur during systole (release of blood from the ventricle).
However, noise can only be detected with acutefailure. Less severe symptoms are often overlooked. For accurate diagnosis requires an instrumental study on the devices.
Diagnostic Methods
When diagnosing important systolic murmur duringbreath. This indicates a tricuspid valve insufficiency. However, it should be remembered that this phenomenon is impermanent and may disappear completely for a while. To confirm the preliminary diagnosis, electrocardiogram removal is performed.
On the resulting graph in the pathology observed:
- electric axis deviation to the right;
- the increase in the size of the P wave (in the area of the second and third chest leads).
Также может использоваться рентгенография.The picture shows dilatation of the ventricle or atrium. Deviations are also noticeable in the echocardiography images, where abnormal movements of the heart partitions are established. When analyzing the patient's condition take into account the following points:
- The type of noise and the area of its manifestation.
- The size of the heart, it is often increased.
- The presence of stagnation in the circles of blood circulation.
- The magnitude of the venous pressure.
- The size of the liver.
- The state of the chest.
- Pressure in the right atrium.
Physical pathology
The narrowing of the valve opening is called stenosis.This phenomenon occurs under the influence of rheumatism, congenital malformations, as well as prolonged mechanical stress. As a result of the disease, there is an increase in pressure on the walls of the heart. The auricle increases. Stagnation in the circulatory system begins.
For the treatment of mild cases of pathology spendpreventive action. Since the second degree of severity, surgical intervention is recommended. The valve is subjected to processing with a scalpel, as a result, it is often necessary to sew the plates or, instead of three, leave only two. According to statistics, about 14% of patients do not survive after surgery.
But even after successful treatment the patient has alreadyacquires a disability. It is required to avoid physical exertion and undergo periodic examinations to rule out further progression of the pathology.
