Недра – часть земной коры, которая располагается under the soil layer. If there is none, the location of the subsoil is below the surface of the earth, and also below the watercourses and the bottom of the reservoirs, which extend to the depths available for exploration and geological study.
The Act on Subsoil Controlsrelations that arise as a result of geological study, protection and use of subsoil in the territory of the Russian Federation, its shelf, and also as a result of the use of waste from mining and associated processing industries (sapropels, peat and other resources, including limes and lakes, as well as groundwater ).
The current law contains economic andlegal bases of protection of bowels and complex rational use thereof. This Law on Subsoil provides both protection of Russian citizens and the state itself, including the rights of subsoil users. The effect of this law is widespread throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as on its continental shelf.
The Law on the Subsurface of the RF is based on the Constitution andconsists both of the current law with other federal laws adopted in accordance with it, as well as of other normative acts, as well as of laws and other legal acts of the subjects of our country.
Ownership of subsoil
The property of the state is not onlysites located on the territory of the RF and the corresponding underground space, but also in the bowels of energy and other resources, as well as minerals. Ownership, disposal and use of subsoil is carried out jointly by the Russian Federation and its subjects.
The subsoil law says that subsoil blocks can not besell, buy, donate or transfer by inheritance, and invest or alienate in some other way. The rights to use subsoil may be transferred from one entity to another or be alienated only in cases that the Federal Subsoil Law may permit.
Полезные ископаемые и другие ресурсы, которые were extracted from the bowels, under the terms of licensing can be both in the ownership of the subjects of the Russian Federation, and in private, municipal, federal state property, as well as in other possible forms of ownership.
Why a reserve fund is needed?
The reserve reserve fund is formed toto ensure in the future the needs of the Russian Federation in both strategic and deficit types of minerals from those subsoil plots that have not yet been provided for use. The Subsoil Law does not allow the use of those sites that are part of the reserve fund until the decision is made to exclude them from the reserve fund.
Decisions on inclusion or exclusion of parcelssubsoil from the federal fund are accepted by the Government of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the executive body - in the event that the other is not established by federal law.
Gosnadzor for the study, protection and rational use of mineral resources
The main task of state supervisionis the prevention, detection and suppression of violations of users of mineral resources, as required by international treaties of the RF and the RF legislation on subsoil, as well as rules, norms, standards in the field of geological studies, protection and rational use of mineral resources approved by the RF law in the established order.
The state supervision is carried out by the executive power,or rather an authorized federal body - such as federal state supervision, as well as regional state supervision, respectively, their competence in the manner established by the supreme executive body of the state power of our country and its Government.
