Emergency situations (ES) are called a certainthe situation in a particular area, which is the result of an accident, a catastrophe or other disaster and threatens damage to life and health of a person, a violation of the state of nature, or may entail significant material losses. In fact, such situations arise quite a lot. Classification of emergencies is a rather complex system, because several factors are taken into account at once here.
To begin with it is worth noting that the emergency can beconflict or conflict-free. The group of conflict emergencies can include, for example, military clashes, extremist struggle, terrorist acts, large-scale corruption, religious conflicts, etc. Conflict situations can be divided into several separate groups.
The ES classification takes into account several main factors:
- The scale of their distribution.
- Nature.
- The pace of development.
Now we need to consider each of these groups in more detail.
Classification of emergencies by scale of distribution
To begin with, it is worth noting that here it isnot only the size of the affected territory, but also the number of victims, the potential, indirect consequences, as well as the severity of the damage - after all, even in a small area, the ES sometimes leads to a tragic result.
- Local emergency situations are situations that affect the limits of a workplace, a small section of a road or land, a private house or apartment.
- Object emergency situations are those situations, the consequences of which do not go beyond the limits of a firm or organization and can be eliminated by the agency's own forces.
- Local emergency situations are situations that are limitedoutside the settlement, and their consequences can be eliminated by the city's own forces (township, district). In this case, the number of victims should not exceed 50.
- Regional emergencies cover several regions, republics or territories at once, and joint efforts of all local services are needed to eliminate the danger.
- Federal emergencies - such situations cover the vast territory of the state, but do not go beyond it. By the way, for the elimination of such emergencies, assistance from other countries is often used.
- Global emergencies - in such cases, an unfavorable situation covers the territories of several countries at once.
Types of Emergencies according to the pace of development
Of course, the pace of development is of great importance and determines the subsequent actions of special services. The classification of the emergency situation is as follows:
- Sudden emergency situations - this includes accidents, traffic accidents, earthquakes, explosions.
- Rapid emergency - this group is considered to include emissions of toxic gases and fires.
- Moderate - such emergencies can include accidents of communal systems, the eruption of volcanoes, the release of radioactive substances.
- Smooth - such situations, as a rule,develop gradually, but the damage from this by no means becomes less. For example, the epidemic can be attributed to the smooth emergencies, some ecological disasters (drought, etc.).
Classification of emergencies
The origin of a catastrophe is also of great importance, so the emergency is divided into:
- Emergencies of man-caused nature - transport accidents, fires, explosions, spontaneous collapses of buildings, accidents with the release of dangerous toxins and other chemicals, etc., can be included here.
- Natural disasters are eruptionsvolcanoes, earthquakes, landslides, erosion, dust storms, squalls, hurricanes, tsunamis, storms, tornadoes, tornadoes, drought, severe hail or rain, forest fires, spread of infectious diseases, etc.
- Environmental emergencies are those situations that are associated with dangerous, progressive changes in land, the world's oceans and the atmosphere.
It is worth noting that sometimes also distinguish ES, which arise with the participation of the human factor.
