Regulators that can change voltagein the device, are applied in the most various areas. A simple example is the control of the brightness of the lamp. Additionally, regulators of this type are involved in the soldering iron. There they play the role of a temperature control unit. Often voltage regulators are called dimers. This is due to the fact that the principle of operation of these devices is built on a phase change.
What does the regulator consist of?
The main element of the regulator is considered to bethyristor. The Zener diode in the system is usually installed alone. In turn, the number of resistors depends on the type of model. Additionally, a resistor must be provided in the circuit, which is connected to the capacitor through a fuse. At the output of the system there are special resistors of variable type.
Principle of operation of the device
The regulator begins to work with the appearance of sparkbreakdowns in the system. At this stage, the thyristor is turned on. Its main task is to suppress the signal. At this point, it changes the angle. Depending on the settings of the device, then it gradually increases. Increasing the angle is carried out using transistors. A capacitor is installed to convert the energy in the circuit. Overloads simple voltage regulator on the thyristor cope with a fuse. Additionally, diodes can be used in models.
Performed functions
The main function of the voltage regulator is takenread the change in breakdown frequency. Additionally, devices can affect the deionization rate. This is largely due to the different modes of operation. Automatic shutdown in the models provided. The recovery of the voltage occurs rather quickly. Also note the primary current function. It lies in the control of the voltage limit value. The function of the secondary current involves setting the firing angle of the thyristor. In an emergency situation, voltage regulators are capable of blocking interference. Power supply diagnostics can also be performed.
Manual mode
To manually change device settings toThe controller usually has touch panels. By default, all indicators are reset. The control of values is carried out with the help of control of the central unit. Algorithms of tasks depend on the structural elements of the device.
Features of automatic operation
There is no need for automatic mode.adjust the voltage limit. The electrostatic precipitator current will also be adjusted independently. The deionization time in this case depends on the selected algorithm. The voltage reduction step will also depend on it. To increase the current, separate settings are introduced.
Homemade regulators
Самодельный регулятор напряжения на тиристоре 12В can do. Its efficiency will be no more than 70%. Thyristors are the easiest to use with the marking "KU202". Zener diodes install different power. Much in this situation depends on what resistors are used. The most simple are the types of "MLT". In turn, transistors should be taken as a minimum of the "KT3" series.
If we consider the series of resistors "MLT-2", thentheir resistance indicator is at 2 kΩ. Thus, the capacitor in the network must be good. Choosing the model "K73", you should know that it is designed for a voltage of 250 V. In this case, the maximum deviation in the network can not exceed 10%. The fuses in the regulators are usually set to 10 A.
Regulators with dynistor
220V voltage regulator on the thyristorThe type differs from conventional devices in that it has two outputs. Total analog channels in the system are installed, as a rule, three. Due to this, the measurement of the amplitude of oscillations occurs fairly quickly. The output voltage of many models reaches a little more than 230 V. There is a filtration system in the regulators. For synchronization in models there is only one channel.
The minimum voltage in it is maintained onlevel 210 V. For the discrete control of the device there are two channels. The parameter of the output current is quite high due to the good quality of signal transmission. The minimum opening angle of the thyristor is 160 degrees. The maximum can be set at 200 degrees. Power consumption of regulators of this type reaches no more than 20 kW. In size, we can say that the devices are not too bulky and weigh an average of about 2 kg.
What is the difference between models with triode thyristors?
Triode voltage regulator on the thyristor (circuitshown below) is different in that it does not pass the reverse signal. As a result, control of current pulses is quite difficult. Regulators of this type are usually used in pairs with low-frequency devices. They work, as a rule, in automatic mode. There are three analog channels in this configuration. The input voltage parameter varies around 24 V.
The maximum deviation in the circuit maymake up 15%. There are two synchronization channels in the device. Thus, the limiting frequency can be adjusted. For discrete control, there are two output channels. The minimum angle of the thyristor in the system is 150 degrees. The maximum is the ability to put it on average 180 degrees. The power consumption of many models is 220 V. In size, these devices are quite different.
Properties of regulators with lockable thyristors
These voltage regulators on thyristorsare called lockable, because they are able to turn off with the help of a current pulse. At this time, a reverse current change also occurs. The disadvantages of this type should include low efficiency. Most models of this type are single-phase, but two-phase modifications also exist.
Предельное напряжение регуляторы поддерживают на 110 V. The maximum deviation in the circuit can be only 10%. The thyristor voltage regulators are able to maintain the nominal frequency at 50 Hz. The current load of the device can withstand 1 A. Automatic control in many models provided by the manufacturer. As a result, you can change the discrete current value. Thus, it is possible to directly influence the variable cycle, on which the power of the electric motor depends.
Системы индикации в устройствах имеются самые varied. Most often on the market can be found four-digit displays. With their help, you can quite comfortably monitor all indicators of the voltage regulator. There are also stepped display systems. Their feature is fast data processing. For more accurate indicators in the voltage regulators on thyristors set bar indicator systems. They also process information fairly quickly. Finally, the latest type of indicator systems can be called LED devices.
Combined-off regulators
Combined Off-Voltage Regulatoron the thyristor (the diagram is shown below) is very similar to lockable devices. At the same time, turning it off takes a little longer. Most models today are made single-phase. The parameter of the supplied voltage in them is on average about 120 V. The limiting frequency of such regulators fluctuates around 30 Hz. Automatic control is provided for them.
Additionally, it should be notedoperation using feedback. As a result, the quality of the output signal increases significantly. Resistive load thyristor voltage regulators withstand poorly, and this should be taken into account. Power consumption of devices on average is 8 watts. Display systems, as a rule, are sensory. However, there are line configurations for displaying data. Additionally, the regulators have fans for cooling the resistors. With their help, you can achieve a significant increase in efficiency. Rectifiers with thyristor voltage regulator of this type on the electric motor can also be installed.
Models with triacs
Thyristors in such models are locatedparallel to each other. The current carrying capacity in this case increases significantly. The voltage in the circuit can pass in all directions. Regulator bipolar pulses are perceived well due to the large number of analog channels. The input voltage parameter is usually 50 watts.
Channels to sync in deviceprovided for 3. Due to them, the voltage in the circuit is maintained large. The indicator of permissible current is 3 A. The resistance of the transistors is maintained at 4 MPa. The system supply voltage in many models is 240 V. Thus, the limiting frequency can be at 45 Hz. The angle of the thyristor in the regulator depends solely on the magnitude of the input signal voltage.
Review of avalanche regulators
DC avalanche voltage regulatorthyristor is called so due to the fact that the characteristics of the device increase with time, and the indicators are getting bigger. A distinctive feature of these devices can be safely considered a good resistance to various vibrations. Due to this model of this type are absolutely not afraid of overvoltage. The use of avalanche regulators is quite extensive. Most often they are used for normal operation of high-frequency equipment for pumping fluid.
The average number of analog channels is3. The input voltage in the circuit is maintained at 230 V. For synchronization, the circuit has only 1 channel. The limiting frequency is quite stable. If we consider the voltage regulator on the thyristor "Ku202n", then the parameter of the permissible current fluctuates around 2 A. The resistance in the circuit is maintained at an average of about 3 MPa. The supply voltage in models is 230 V. The power consumption depends on the manufacturer.
