In the XX century there lived such a famous Americana psychologist like Milton Rokich. He devoted almost his entire career to the study of social and personal values. Although Milton began as a psychiatrist. But he is known as the developer of a unique concept of personal value orientations. And this technique of Rokic enjoys great fame throughout the world. Like the test based on it. However, first things first.
General Provisions
The technique of Rokic is built around the idea thatthe value is a stable belief in the fundamental preference of something concrete (worldview, mode of existence, goal of life, etc.). However, the psychologist also assumes that there are not so many of them.
Milton divided all of them into two types -terminal and instrumental. The first are the beliefs regarding the fact that the ultimate goal of the existence of each person is really worth trying to achieve it.
The second type of values is called instrumental. This, in turn, beliefs regarding the fact that a certain property of the individual or the image of its actions always and in any situation remains a priority.
That is, the first type affects the goals of individual existence, and the second - the methods of their achievement and ways of action.
Specificity
Методика Рокича также подразумевает анализ values and their division into groups, which is logical, since all beliefs relate to certain areas of life. Accordingly, there are values of personal life and professional self-realization, financial (material) and spiritual. The instrumental type mentioned above includes beliefs related to communication, ethics, business, altruism, self-assertion, other people.
The technique of Rokich, as practice shows,is interesting and effective. Its advantage lies in its versatility, economy and convenience. "Examine" a person with its help can be very easy, as well as process the results. And the lists of values (otherwise called stimulus material) can be varied, and the instructions can be changed.
True, some emit and disadvantages. These include social undesirability and the likelihood that a person who agrees to the test will be insincere.
How is the research done?
So, what is the technique of M. Rokich is clear. How does the test itself?
Человеку предлагается два списка, в котором values are indicated (instrumental and terminal). 18 each. In what form, in principle, it does not matter. Usually they are provided on A4 sheets in the form of a list or on cards.
When a person has received the material, he is given the task - to assign a number to each value. First, he needs to deal with the terminal list, and then with the tool list.
Psychologists who usually carry out such testsmay ask questions that bring them closer to the subject's system of preferences. Often they are interested in how the values are implemented in his life. Answer, usually in percentage. They may also ask how the card person would arrange 5 or 10 years ago. Or how their relatives would distribute them. Questions may entail other, more personal ones, therefore it is very important that testing be voluntary and, preferably, performed in private.
List number 1
Now you can enumerate directly those concepts that are included in the method of "Orientation Values" by Rokic. The first list is thermal. It includes the following concepts:
- Active life activity.
- Wisdom.
- Health.
- An exciting job.
- Art and nature.
- Love and intimacy.
- Financial wealth.
- The presence of loyal friends.
- Respect and recognition of other people.
- The opportunity to learn.
- Self development.
- The ability to live productively (to the fullest use of the prospects and opportunities).
- Entertainment and leisure.
- Independence and freedom.
- Happiness in personal life.
- Ability to engage in creativity.
- Self-confidence.
- The happiness of other people.
So, these are the 18 values that the terminal list includes. On cards, usually, a broader definition is indicated in parentheses, but even so, one can understand what is meant.
List number 2
But this is not all that the methodology includes.Rokicha Processing of the results is performed by a psychologist only after the person has dealt with each list. And that includes the second, instrumental:
- Accuracy.
- Nurture
- The ability to enjoy life.
- High demands on people and the world.
- Diligence.
- Independence.
- Inability to accept shortcomings (both in oneself and in others).
- Intellectuality and education.
- A responsibility.
- Rationalism.
- Self-control.
- Courage, courage.
- Strong will.
- The ability to exercise tolerance.
- Wide views, lack of "framework".
- Honesty.
- Diligence and productivity.
- Caring, sensitive.
As you can see, the lists differ fundamentally.At a minimum, the fact that the second list includes concepts related to personal qualities, which often play a role in the process of achieving what is listed in the first.
How to pass the test?
At the very beginning it was said that each valueattributed sequence number. The minimum is 1, and the maximum is 5. A unit marks values that have no value. Two - those that, in principle, can be important. Troika - values with a specific, specific value. Four - important statements. And the five - that man puts above all.
How to determine the result?
This is an important topic. The results according to the method of Rokich are usually determined by a psychologist, since he also carries out the test. But in general it is worth telling how this is done.
So, the test aims to explore the valuesperson To better understand the meaning of his actions or actions. Results are determined by the so-called confidence scale. It is designed to determine how strongly a person wants his actions to be positively evaluated by others. And the higher the result is - the more the subject corresponds to the so-called “approved” image. But the critical threshold of the generally accepted test is a mark of 42 points. If the results of his step over, then either they are unreliable, and the person was dishonest, or in front of a psychologist sits a complex personality.
But it’s not the points thattyped a man exposing numbers to values. The psychologist refers to the scale of validity. If a person, for example, has put a five to a statement that refers to a negative scale, then he will be assigned 1 point. What is a negative value, he is one? Then he put "five." The scale is quite voluminous, but with it, if desired, can be found individually.
Interpretations
So, in general, it is clear what the method of Rokich's “Value Orientations” is. Processing the results is a matter for the psychologist, but here it’s worth talking a bit about interpretations. There are several of them.
There is an interpretation of the method of Rokich on lifevalues. If such a test is used, then it is possible to find out what a person considers as his main goal - self-development, spiritual satisfaction, creativity, social interaction, prestige and respect, achievements and success, wealth and finances or preservation of personal individuality, uniqueness.
There is an interpretation of the spheres of life.During the test, it turns out which area is the most important for a person - professional, educational, family, community, entertainment or physical activity.
These are the two most common interpretations.However, it is not surprising why they are. One interpretation is aimed at clarifying the inner world of a person. And the other - on his outer world and the sphere in which he is comfortable to exist. However, both are inextricably linked.
What else should you know?
The method of "value orientation" reviewsmostly positive. Even psychologists say that it is the most developed and reliable. It is not surprising, because Milton Rokich is the founder of the concept of values in principle.
And its effectiveness is proven.Various studies were conducted - and most actively, of course, young people participated in them: schoolchildren and students. Especially high school students. And most of them put on the first place the terminal values of health and family life, friends, love, financial prosperity and self-confidence. From the instrumental list, many chose cheerfulness, responsibility, good breeding, tolerance and sense of duty. Such a choice is not surprising. Moreover, it is correct and predictable. Too global for teens? By no means. Confirmation of this - the maxim of psychologist Eric Homburger Erickson. He assured that young people, in their own way, should be “acrobats”. To be able, with one powerful movement, to lower the crossbar of your childhood, jump over it, and grasp the next crossbar of maturity. And for the shortest possible time.
And this is just one example.In fact, the technique of Milton Rokich is really interesting, effective and efficient. And if there is a desire along with the opportunity - it is worth to pass this test. Alone or with someone - somehow. At least for the sake of interest.
