Famous Avar poet of the Soviet period RasulGamzatov was born in 1923, on September 8, in Tsada (a village in the Khunzakh district of the Dagestan ASSR). His father, Gamzat Tsadasi, was a folk poet of his native republic, laureate of the State Prize of the Soviet Union, and his mother Khandulay Gaidarbekgadzievna Gamzatova (1888-1965) was a simple Asian woman, the keeper of the home.
School years
Like all Soviet children, at the age of 7 years, thenthere is in 1930, Rasul Gamzatov went to study in Araninsk high school, was a fairly diligent, intelligent and inquisitive student. He especially liked listening to his father's stories about the famous hero Shamil, who, after receiving eight wounds in his heart, continued to fight. He was able to cut the rider together with the horse from head to foot with one blow of his saber. In addition, Rasul was fascinated by the story of the brave Naib Hadji Murad. Later he translated Leo Tolstoy's poem about this hero into his native language. Other favorite heroes of the future poet were the legendary Hochbar and Chokh handsome Kamalil Bashir. All this is because Rasul Gamzatov's nationality is an avar, and he was interested in all those stories that told about the heroic past of his people. He also liked to listen to songs on the words of the legendary singer of love Mahmud. He knew about the history of his people precisely from these stories. And little Rasul liked to listen to the poems written by his father. Soon he learned them by heart.
Rasul Gamzatov. Biography: the first steps as a poet
When the boy was only 9 years old, he wrotetheir first verses. From that day the lines from under his pen poured out, as from a cornucopia. They were about his native school, friends-classmates, teachers, etc. By age 13 (then Rasul Gamzatov had just moved to the 7th grade) in one of the Avar newspapers, namely in the Bolshevik Mountains, published one of his poems. The famous writer Rajab Dinmagomayev, compatriot of the Gamzatovs, wrote a commendable review of this work. After that, Rasul was continually published in various editions of the Khunzakh district, in the Buinaksk city newspaper, and also in the republican weekly Bolshevik Gory. Since he did not have his own pseudonym, he subscribed to the creative name of his father, Tsadas. But one day a gray-haired highlander showed him his surprise at the changes in his father's style. And in order for him not to be confused with Tsadas, he took as his pseudonym the name of his ancestor. Now he was a young Avar poet who bore the name of Rasul Gamzatov.
Youth
After graduation from the 8th grade of secondary school, the futurethe famous poet submitted documents to the Avarsky Pedagogical School in the city of Buinaksk. After 2 years, he returned to his native school as a teacher. After some time he joined the Avarsky State Theater as an assistant director, and then settled down as head of the department in the Dagestan newspaper Bolshevik Gory, where he also worked as his own correspondent. Then his fate led to the Dagestan radio, and for some time he was the editor of the program.
Moscow
After the end of the Great Patriotic War, inwhich he lost his brothers, Rasul Gamzatov moved to Moscow for study in the capital's litinstitute them. M. Gorky. The Lak poet poet Effendi Kapiev, who, hearing his poems translated into Russian, was fascinated by this step, was fascinated by the talent of the young Avar. By the way, even before moving to Moscow, the young man was a member of the Writers' Union of the USSR. Gamzatova's knowledge in Russian was more than insufficient for admission to the literary institute, but the director, Fyodor Vasilyevich Gladkov, liked the translations of his poems so much that he ignored the many mistakes committed by the young men in the dictation, and wrote it among the accepted students. Perhaps he already had a premonition that he was facing the future famous poet, and not only in his homeland. Indeed, years later, the entire USSR knew who Rasul Gamzatov was. His biography of this period was the beginning of his career as a literary figure of the USSR.
Study at the Institute. M. Gorky
Here, at the institute, a young Avar opened fora lot of new things. Poetry opened up for him in a new light. More and more acquainted with the work of various Russian and foreign authors, he fell in love one time, then another. Among his favorites were Blok, Yesenin, Bagritsky, Mayakovsky, and, of course, Pushkin, Nekrasov, Lermontov, and from foreign works Heine was very close to him. In 1950, the poet Rasul Gamzatov graduated from the institute. Later he said that Russian literature had made an indelible impression on him and on his work.
Public activity and state awards
After Rasul Gamzatov got higher educationeducation in Moscow literary and returned to his native Dagestan, he was elected chairman of the Writers' Union of the Autonomous Republic. He held this position for 53 years, until his death in 2003. In addition, he was elected first deputy, and then deputy chairman of the Supreme Council of the Dagestan autonomous Soviet republic, and after that already a member of the all-Union scale. He was also a member of the editorial boards of such authoritative publications as Novy Mir and Friendship of Peoples (magazines), Literaturnaya Rossiya and Literaturnaya gazeta, and others.
The life of Rasul Gamzatov was very rich:he constantly moved from Dagestan to Moscow, traveled a lot, met with fans of his talent, but most importantly - he always felt the attention and care of the state. It can be called a darling of fate. In those years, the state awarded various talents to talented artists and awarded medals and orders. Gamzatov was a Knight of the Order of Lenin (four times), "October Revolution", "Friendship of Peoples", etc. Before his death in 2003, he received from President Vladimir V. Putin the Order of St. Andrew.
Rasul Gamzatov is a poet
Even while studying at the institute, he was bornThe first collection of poems of the famous Avar poet in Russian. After that, it was translated into the languages of other peoples of the USSR. The best works of the poet were: "Our Mountains", "My Earth", "The Year of My Birth", "The Word of the Big Brother", "The Homeland of the Highlander", "In the Mountains of My Heart", "Dagestan's Spring", "3rema" (1963). ), "And the star with the star says", "The third hour", "Cranes", "Island of Women", "My Dagestan", "Judge me by the code of love", "Highlander's Constitution" and others. Almost each of the collections was awarded a state award. So, for example, for the "Year of my birth" poet Rasul Gamzatov was awarded the USSR State Prize, and for the "High Stars" - Lenin Prize.
Sage!
They say that the mountains make people special.Perhaps this is from closeness to God? Separated from the world, inhabited far from civilization, among the mountains live real sages. From the works of Rasul Gamzatov, from his thoughts he simply captures the spirit! They contain an incredible number of wise statements. Here, judge: "Glory, do not, do not touch the living ... even the strongest and best you kill sometimes." It's amazing how much depth is in this line! And here is how he represents happiness: "Happiness is not something that comes by itself, when you are not looking for it, happiness is a city, beaten up in battle or rebuilt on the ashes."
Songs of Rasul Gamzatov
Many poems of the Avar poet were writtenmelodies. Songs were performed by such famous singers as the legendary Anna Herman, the world-famous Galina Vishnevskaya, Iosif Kobzon, Muslim Magomaev, Valery Leontiev, Sofia Rotaru, Vakhtang Kikabidze and others.
Family of Rasul Gamzatov
The great Avar writer all his lifeworshiped his parents. Of course, his father would be the highest authority for him, but he had a special love for his mother. Life of a woman of mountains is not so easy, therefore his attitude to her was careful. Here is a quote from one of his works: "I conjure: take care of your mother." The children of the world, take care of your mother. " He was also respectful of his wife. The poet had a fairly large family. And as is customary in every Asian family, he was surrounded by attention, reverence and care of his household. Rasul Gamzatov's wife Patimat gave him three daughters. He did not have an heir. Yes, and his daughter gave him a lot of granddaughters and not a single grandson. Perhaps, precisely because he was constantly surrounded by women, his attitude towards the weaker sex was so trembling. He appreciated their beauty and tenderness very much. Here are the lines he dedicated to mothers: "Years, you are not over the woman - and, of course, this is not a secret." For children all mothers are beautiful, so there are no ugly women! "
Memory
The great Avar poet died in 2003 in80 years old. While still alive, he immortalized his beautiful works. The governments of Russia and Dagestan have more than once made decisions on the establishment of memorials to the memory of the great Avar, both in Dagestan (monuments to Rasul Gamzatov are set up in large numbers) and throughout Russia. In 2013, in the presence of President Vladimir Putin and the Mayor of Moscow, a memorial to the great poet was solemnly opened in the capital.
