Many know about the outstanding Russian engineer IvanPetroviche Kulibine. And especially enterprising inventors more than once had to hear in his address his name: "You like Kulibin!" However, very few people know that out of a dozen developments IP. Kulibin patented only a few. And the world knows now that the architect Town has built a heavy-duty bridge construction, but what Kulibin invented it - does not know.
Personality of the inventor
Ivan Petrovich will be born in Nizhny Novgorod in 1735. Surprisingly, there were no learned people in his family, so the abilities of a self-taught mechanic can rightfully be called an outstanding talent!
Ivan's family existed due to petty trade: his father was an entrepreneur and an Old Believer, and his mother was engaged in housekeeping and helped to keep accounts.
From an early age the boy was experiencing greatsympathy for engineering constructions and all sorts of inventions, which were not so much in the villages at that time. But the young man, passionate about science, did not want to keep accounting books and went to an apprentice to a fellow villager, to study plumbing, turning and watch making.
Поднабравшись опыта, Кулибин изготавливает свои the first watch, which is unparalleled in the world today. The tiny invention served as a striking clock, as well as a music box and a miniature theater. Before the work of art of the Nizhny Novgorod master, Catherine II herself could not resist - he gave her a watch, and she invited Kulibin to work.
In 1769, Ivan Petrovich gets a place in the Academy of Sciences, and from that day he serves faithfully for the good of Russian science.
However, only a few inventions received a patent and rightfully belonged to the master. Most of the drawings and layouts remained the unfulfilled dreams of an engineer.
Consider a few things that invented Kulibin, but never patented.
Vane water engine
In the 18th century, hired labor was one of the most common ways to move ships against the river, as well as through shallow water.
Ivan Petrovich decided to save people from suffering andto introduce an engineering novelty in the ship's business - a blade engine. The principle of its work was based on the technique of the movement of ships with the help of anchors and ropes - to the anchor dropped far in front of the anchor with the help of the rope they pulled the vessel. And while the ship "went" to one cargo, another was thrown further - and so on in turn.
Kulibin improved the system.Now instead of hired workers to attract the ship to the rope should have been the engine (it was a 2 wheels with blades) with the help of water energy. It would seem that a simple and reliable design that will save the power of hundreds of barge haulers, and entrepreneurs - hundreds of money. However, even after successful trials on moving a ship with 65 tons of sand, production financing was never made.
Unfortunately, this is not the only thing that Kulibin invented by Ivan Petrovich, but he was never able to adjust the issue.
Elevator for empress
Aging Catherine II moved with difficulty into the apartments of the Winter Palace. Therefore, Kulibin was given an important mandate - to invent an elevator for the empress herself.
The winch lift did not meet the main condition:fastening the ropes to the ceiling of the Palace was strictly prohibited. The resourceful scientist came up with a different mechanism, similar to the work of an office chair or tightening the nut: the servant twisted the handle, and the screw, rotating in the sleeve, raised and lowered the chair. Unfortunately, the mechanical lift did not live up to our days. After the death of Catherine II, as superfluous, it was laid with bricks, and Kulibin was never given the right of authorship for its development. He became another subject that invented Kulibin, but could not be considered his brainchild.
Bridge
If the foresight of Catherine II had not failed her that time, then she would rightfully be considered also the founder of the bridge business in St. Petersburg.
At the beginning of the 19th century, Ivan Petrovich developed an extremelysustainable single-span bridge construction. He worked on his invention for 30 years! Despite the lack of necessary knowledge of mathematics and physics, he himself, without knowing it, practically discovered new laws. The great advantage of the bridge was the fact that ships could pass under it without cutting down their match.
Great Euler, checking the master's drawings, was surprised by the lack of errors and errors in them. Potemkin himself allocated money for the construction of a model of the bridge, but the sponsorship ended there.
And 30 years later, Town became the famous architect of the bridge, and not I. P. Kulibin, who invented this bridge.
"Grandpa" car
Among other things, Ivan Petrovich invented self-propelledstroller In appearance, she was very much like a car, but the principle of operation was different. The carriage could be safely called a hybrid of a bicycle and a wagon, since a person powered her by pushing on the pedals. The invention served as a toy for the nobility for some time, but it did not have the desire to sponsor its production. The drawings of the "grandfather car" have sunk into oblivion, before reaching our days.
Do not confuse the stroller that Kulibin invented, andShamshurenkov cycling. His invention was much bigger and more interesting: there was enough space for two, and in winter time, the bicycle gear turned into a sleigh. I would like to note an interesting similarity: nobody engaged in the production of Leonty Shamshurenkova either, and the drawings of his invention were lost.
First prosthesis
At the beginning of the 19th century, Kulibin presented foremployees of the Academy of Sciences "know-how"! Prosthesis, imitating lower limbs. The first tester of the design was Nepaytsyn - he lost a leg during the assault on Ochakov, and now his military career was derailed! However, Ivan Kulibin, who invented his new leg, gave a start to his new victories! As a result, Nepeytsyn reached the rank of Major General and got the ridiculous nickname Iron Foot.
A searchlight, a system for launching ships into water, an optical telegraph, a project of an iron bridge across the Volga - the smallest list of things that Kulibin Ivan Petrovich invented.
Photos, as well as drawings of many of them, unfortunately, have not reached our days. However, the glory and memory of such an outstanding person must necessarily remain in our hearts!
